{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:18:48Z","timestamp":1769080728055,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G049620N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G049620N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011272","name":"FP7 Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["278276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["278276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G049620N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G049620N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011272","name":"FP7 Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["278276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["278276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood-brain barrier disruption in acute ischemic stroke is a well described phenomenon associated with hemorrhagic complications. The hyperintense acute reperfusion marker (HARM) represents gadolinium leakage in the cerebrospinal fluid. Gadolinium leakage into ocular structures (GLOS) might represent a dysfunction of the blood-ocular barrier. We aimed to investigate the presence of GLOS in the WAKE-UP trial and its association with HARM, hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and functional outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized patients from the WAKE-UP trial who underwent dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion weighted imaging at baseline and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging at both baseline and follow-up, were included. We studied the association between GLOS with baseline and outcome variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We were able to analyze the data of 192\/503 (38%) randomized WAKE-UP patients. GLOS was detected in 56 (29%) cases, four times more frequently than HARM (7%). GLOS positive patients were older (73 vs 65\u2009years; p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), had a lower glomerular infiltration rate (GFR 79.5 vs 87.2\u2009mL\/min; p\u2009=\u20090.01), higher white matter hyperintensity volume (15.0 vs 9.9\u2009mL; p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), less often presented with a large vessel occlusion (27% vs 44%; p\u2009=\u20090.02) and HARM was more often observed (9\/56 vs 4\/136; p\u2009=\u20090.01). In multivariable analysis the presence of GLOS was not associated with HT nor poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale 3\u20136).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLOS is a relatively common finding in acute ischemic stroke patients and is associated with older age, worse renal function, increased white matter hyperintensity burden and HARM but not with HT or functional outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873241301276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T07:03:23Z","timestamp":1732863803000},"page":"524-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gadolinium leakage into ocular structures as a marker in stroke: A retrospective analysis of the WAKE-UP trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5229-2699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke","family":"Wouters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Van Assche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5263-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauranne","family":"Scheldeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Neurologie, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claus Ziegler","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark 4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ebinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany 5"},{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Neurologie, Medical Park Berlin Humboldtm\u00fchle, Berlin, Germany 6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Nighoghossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke Medicine, Universit. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France 7"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith W","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK 8"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany 5"},{"name":"Klinik und Hochschulambulanz f\u00fcr Neurologie, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany 9"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany 10"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany 11"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochen B","family":"Fiebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Stroke 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