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Based on our impression that clinicians and researchers are largely unaware that a large volume of research has been published about the use of therapeutic plasma exchange as a treatment for systemic sclerosis, we conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of all published research on this topic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 46 relevant articles that met our search criteria, involving a total of 572 patients. Of these, 19 were case studies; the rest ranged from small observational studies to prospective randomized clinical trials. In all but two studies, most patients receiving therapeutic plasma exchange showed improvements in both clinical symptoms and laboratory markers, including significant improvement in Raynaud\u2019s symptoms and healing of digital ulceration after three to four weekly treatments. The beneficial effects from even a short course of therapeutic plasma exchange treatments were long-lasting, typically 6\u2009months or longer. Therapeutic plasma exchange was very well tolerated. Adverse events were rare and, in almost all cases, mild and transitory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that long-term therapeutic plasma exchange may offer a low-risk way to control and in some cases reverse systemic sclerosis symptoms. The mechanism for the clinical improvements seen from therapeutic plasma exchange in systemic sclerosis patients is unclear. Therefore, additional studies of therapeutic plasma exchange effects in systemic sclerosis appear to be highly desirable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2397198318758606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T07:15:27Z","timestamp":1520579727000},"page":"132-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: A comprehensive review and analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Edward S","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert J","family":"Meiselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Lawrence, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RDL Reference Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Malkovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2397198318758606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066068"},{"key":"bibr2-2397198318758606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker269"},{"key":"bibr3-2397198318758606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408368609165798"},{"key":"bibr4-2397198318758606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation.V2012.1.7.3797920"},{"key":"bibr5-2397198318758606","unstructured":"MINISTERIAL DECREE May 28, 1999, no. 329. 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