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Advances in non-invasive imaging could provide a way forward. This review article first describes the rationale for non-invasive imaging of digital ulcers in both clinical practice and research. In clinical practice, magnetic resonance imaging allows early diagnosis of underlying osteomyelitis, and smartphone imaging allows early (remote) identification of digital ulcers. In research, non-invasive imaging provides new insights into pathophysiology, as well as the ability to measure precisely digital ulcer surface area and volume. The imaging techniques discussed include mobile phone photography, ultrasound, laser Doppler methods and emerging technologies (multispectral imaging and polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography). Between them, these methods hold promise as outcome measures for early and later phase trials, but first require full validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23971983251339703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T02:51:34Z","timestamp":1747795894000},"page":"189-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recent advances in non-invasive imaging of systemic sclerosis\u2013related digital ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariane L","family":"Herrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0386-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-019-04436-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2080-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-207001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00004"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","article-title":"Iloprost and cisaprost for Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis","volume":"1998","author":"Pope J","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pope J, Fenlon D, Thompson A, et al. 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