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The bunion or medial prominence that results from the lateral deviation and pronation of the hallux is only one component of the 3-dimensional deformity. Hallux valgus can lead to considerable pain and altered joint mechanics. The precise biomechanical etiology remains under debate. Predisposing factors include female sex, age, constricting footwear, and family history. Metatarsus adductus, equinus contracture, hammertoe deformity, and pes planus often coexist with hallux valgus. Nonoperative treatment involves patient education, shoe modifications, toe pads and positioning devices, and activity modifications. Surgery is considered in patients who fail nonoperative treatment with the goal of pain relief, correction of the deformity, improved first ray stability, and improved quality of life. More than 100 different procedures have been described to treat hallux valgus; they include combinations of soft tissue balancing, metatarsal osteotomies, and fusion of either the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) or tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint. The choice of procedures depends on the severity and location of the deformity as well as surgeon preference. Recent advances in operative techniques include minimally invasive surgery and correction of rotational deformity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011419838500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T17:03:10Z","timestamp":1557248590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Hallux Valgus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Justin J.","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Friedmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Hanselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Vaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Dayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Des Moines University, UnityPoint Clinic, Trinity Regional Medical Center, Des Moines, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Hatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, North Colorado PMS Residency, Greeley, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bret","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, University of South Carolina, Palmetto Health-USC Orthopedic Center, Lexington, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Santrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1510-6"},{"key":"bibr2-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715608372"},{"key":"bibr3-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714551022"},{"key":"bibr4-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(01)80077-6"},{"key":"bibr5-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00971"},{"key":"bibr6-2473011419838500","first-page":"485","volume":"5","author":"Bosch P","year":"2000","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"bibr7-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2016.02.014"},{"key":"bibr8-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900902"},{"key":"bibr9-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3277-1"},{"key":"bibr10-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400104"},{"key":"bibr11-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200301000-00010"},{"key":"bibr12-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0529"},{"key":"bibr13-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300807"},{"key":"bibr14-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400307"},{"key":"bibr15-2473011419838500","first-page":"357","volume":"46","author":"Coughlin MJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"bibr16-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501601104"},{"key":"bibr17-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200503"},{"key":"bibr18-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601001"},{"key":"bibr19-2473011419838500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0759"},{"key":"bibr20-2473011419838500","unstructured":"Coughlin MJ, Mann RA, Saltzman CL. 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