{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:27:29Z","timestamp":1777613249661,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Although injection drug use (IDU) is a known risk factor for septic arthritis (SA) of the foot and ankle (F&A), disease and hospitalization outcomes are poorly characterized. We evaluated national trends, demographic characteristics, and hospitalization outcomes of SA of the F&A in people who inject drugs vs those who do not.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified all patients aged 15-64 with a principal discharge diagnosis of SA of the F&A from 2000 to 2013 and evaluated if they were related or unrelated to IDU. We assessed differences in demographic characteristics and in-hospital outcomes in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n From 2000 to 2013, there were an estimated 14,198 hospitalizations for SA of the F&A in the United States, and 11% were associated with IDU (SA-IDU). Compared to SA unrelated to IDU, people with SA-IDU were significantly more likely to be younger, black, and have Medicaid or no insurance. People with SA-IDU were significantly more likely to leave against medical advice (9.7% vs 1.4%, P < .001), have a longer length of stay (9.2 vs 6.8 days, P < .001), and incur increased hospital charges ($58 628 vs $38 876, P = .005). People with SA-IDU were significantly less likely to receive an arthroscopy (1.5% vs 6.5%, P < .001) or arthrotomy (2.2% vs 11.0%, P < .001) of the foot.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n People with SA-IDU of the F&A had suboptimal hospitalization outcomes with greater costs. Recognizing risk factors and proactively addressing potential complications of substance use disorder in the hospital should be prioritized by the orthopedic community.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n Level III, retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011420928893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T07:52:32Z","timestamp":1596181952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment Outcomes in Septic Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle in People Who Inject Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3996-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret V.","family":"Shields","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Toppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariano E.","family":"Menendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tybor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Dewire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alysse","family":"Wurcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Salzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2473011420928893","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Overview of the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS). Vol 2018. 2016."},{"key":"bibr2-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201211000-00002"},{"key":"bibr3-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw191"},{"key":"bibr4-2473011420928893","volume-title":"Final Report on Calculating Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Variances for Data Years 2011 and Earlier. Vol 2018","author":"Houchens R","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr5-2473011420928893","volume-title":"Final Report on Calculating National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Variances for Data Years 2012 and Later. Vol 2018","author":"Houchens R","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr6-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.011"},{"key":"bibr7-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy924"},{"key":"bibr8-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61595-6"},{"key":"bibr9-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(00)00248-7"},{"key":"bibr10-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000534682.68856.d8"},{"key":"bibr11-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.12.017"},{"key":"bibr12-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769070-00015"},{"key":"bibr13-2473011420928893","first-page":"10","volume":"0141594","author":"Ti L","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"bibr14-2473011420928893","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw157"}],"container-title":["Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2473011420928893","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2473011420928893","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2473011420928893","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:25:33Z","timestamp":1777411533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2473011420928893"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2473011420928893"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2473011420928893","relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-0114","2473-0114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-0114","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-0114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"article-number":"2473011420928893"}}