{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:38:23Z","timestamp":1777613903876,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fractures of the talus are a rare but challenging injury. This study sought to quantify the area of osseous exposure afforded by a posteromedial approach to the talus and medial malleolar osteotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremities were dissected using a posteromedial approach and medial malleolar osteotomy respectively. Following exposure, the talar surfaces directedly visualized were marked and captured using a calibrated digital image. The digital images were then analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health) to calculate the surface area of the exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The average square area of talus exposed using the posteromedial approach was 9.70 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (SD = 2.20, range 7.20-12.46). The average quantity of talar exposure expressed as a percentage was 9% (SD = 1.58, range 7.03-10.40). The average square area of talus exposed using a medial malleolar osteotomy was 14.32 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (SD = 2.00, range 11.26-16.66). The average quantity of talar exposure expressed as a percentage was 12.94% (SD = 1.79, range 9.97-14.73). The posteromedial approach provided superior visualization of the posterior talus, whereas the medial malleolar osteotomy offered greater access to the medial body.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The posteromedial approach and medial malleolar osteotomy allow for significant exposure of the talus, yielding 9.70 and 14.32 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively. Given the differing portions of the talus exposed, surgeons may prefer to use the posteromedial approach for operative fixation of posterior process fractures and elect to use a medial malleolar osteotomy in cases requiring more extensive medial and distal exposure for neck or neck\/body fractures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114211012691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T06:15:53Z","timestamp":1622787353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantification and Comparison of Talar Exposure Utilizing a Posteromedial Approach and Medial Malleolar Osteotomy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Donahue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, WellStar Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1107-1552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ademola","family":"Shofoluwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, WellStar Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Krautmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, WellStar Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Grau-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, WellStar Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Becher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, WellStar Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bruggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resurgens Orthopedics, Marietta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101100413"},{"key":"bibr2-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860020-00001"},{"key":"bibr3-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.04.012"},{"key":"bibr4-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400813"},{"key":"bibr5-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181ea5bd1"},{"key":"bibr6-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20110714-16"},{"key":"bibr7-24730114211012691","volume-title":"ImageJ","author":"Rasband WS"},{"key":"bibr8-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2016.09.012"},{"key":"bibr9-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08941939.2012.740146"},{"key":"bibr10-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1048-6666(99)80021-4"},{"key":"bibr11-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ortho.IJOrtho_646_17"},{"key":"bibr12-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701203"},{"key":"bibr13-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000378"},{"key":"bibr14-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200409001-00008"},{"key":"bibr15-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200408000-00003"},{"key":"bibr16-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1227-8"},{"key":"bibr17-24730114211012691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200109000-00009"},{"key":"bibr18-24730114211012691","first-page":"179","volume":"40","author":"Ziran NM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; 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