{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:16:29Z","timestamp":1793063789557,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms, such as ChatGPT, have become increasingly popular outlets for the consumption and distribution of health care\u2013related advice. Because of a lack of regulation and oversight, the reliability of health care\u2013related responses has become a topic of controversy in the medical community. To date, no study has explored the quality of AI-derived information as it relates to common foot and ankle pathologies. This study aims to assess the quality and educational benefit of ChatGPT responses to common foot and ankle\u2013related questions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT was asked a series of 5 questions, including \u201cWhat is the optimal treatment for ankle arthritis?\u201d \u201cHow should I decide on ankle arthroplasty versus ankle arthrodesis?\u201d \u201cDo I need surgery for Jones fracture?\u201d \u201cHow can I prevent Charcot arthropathy?\u201d and \u201cDo I need to see a doctor for my ankle sprain?\u201d Five responses (1 per each question) were included after applying the exclusion criteria. The content was graded using DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and AIRM (a self-designed tool for exercise evaluation).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health care professionals graded the ChatGPT-generated responses as bottom tier 4.5% of the time, middle tier 27.3% of the time, and top tier 68.2% of the time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although ChatGPT and other related AI platforms have become a popular means for medical information distribution, the educational value of the AI-generated responses related to foot and ankle pathologies was variable. With 4.5% of responses receiving a bottom-tier rating, 27.3% of responses receiving a middle-tier rating, and 68.2% of responses receiving a top-tier rating, health care professionals should be aware of the high viewership of variable-quality content easily accessible on ChatGPT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, cross sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114231209919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T02:23:39Z","timestamp":1700706219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Evaluating the Quality and Usability of Artificial Intelligence\u2013Generated Responses to Common Patient Questions in Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5817-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert Thomas","family":"Anastasio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"IV","given":"Frederic Baker","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Mark P.","family":"Karavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Samuel B.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007221093574"},{"key":"bibr2-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2022.05.005"},{"key":"bibr3-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3602928"},{"key":"bibr4-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46885"},{"key":"bibr5-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.09.010"},{"key":"bibr6-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/45312"},{"key":"bibr7-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114221151079"},{"key":"bibr8-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-021-05175-2"},{"key":"bibr9-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-021-05191-2"},{"key":"bibr10-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7984157"},{"key":"bibr11-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10091622"},{"key":"bibr12-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6852"},{"key":"bibr13-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2023.02.003"},{"key":"bibr14-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.09.004"},{"key":"bibr15-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/shti210962"},{"key":"bibr16-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07372-5"},{"key":"bibr17-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00021-3"},{"key":"bibr18-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060887"},{"key":"bibr19-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2023.03.007"},{"key":"bibr20-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.943026"},{"key":"bibr21-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16059"},{"key":"bibr22-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08950-w"},{"key":"bibr23-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12752"},{"key":"bibr24-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3021320"},{"key":"bibr25-24730114231209919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-018-0167-7."}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; 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