{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:18:33Z","timestamp":1787732313096,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional weightbearing radiographs are the gold standard for grading hallux rigidus (HR), yet clinical symptoms often do not correlate with radiographic severity. This study compared 2-dimensional (2D) weightbearing radiographs with weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) to evaluate if traditional imaging overrepresents joint degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study of 21 patients (13 males; average age 55.9\u2009years) with HR was conducted. All patients had both weightbearing radiographs and WBCT. Two fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons measured the first metatarsophalangeal joint (first MTPJ) space, dorsal osteophyte height, and dorsal narrowing percentage. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Joint space width was significantly larger on WBCT (1.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.44\u2009mm) compared to radiographs (0.92\u2009\u00b1\u20090.53\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). WBCT also showed significantly less narrowing of the dorsal articular surface (22.78%\u2009\u00b1\u20098.71% vs 46.57%\u2009\u00b1\u200918.8%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Inter-rater reliability for joint space narrowing was excellent for WBCT (ICC\u2009=\u20090.91) but moderate for radiographs (ICC\u2009=\u20090.67;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). WBCT was more sensitive in detecting loose bodies and sesamoid changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WBCT demonstrated consistently larger joint-space measurements and less dorsal joint-space narrowing compared with conventional radiographs, along with substantially higher inter-rater reliability for joint space narrowing. These findings indicate a systematic measurement difference between modalities, with radiographs tending to overrepresent joint-space loss. This discrepancy may help explain why joint-preserving procedures such as cheilectomy can succeed even when radiographs appear advanced.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, retrospective comparative study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114261471159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:02:25Z","timestamp":1787097745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does Conventional Radiography Overrepresent Joint Space Narrowing in Hallux Rigidus? A Comparative Study With Weightbearing CT Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3431-8140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8612-5941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineel","family":"Mallavarapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Loyola Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1067-727X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nacime Salomao Barbachan","family":"Mansur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3905-9662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aly M.","family":"Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6037-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"de Cesar Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2023.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198801000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1067-2516(02)80031-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1067-2516(03)70015-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200311000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/fai.2008.0407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-16-00878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/14-098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719859236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/cm.2024.02997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717732549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717735289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2023.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2015.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2023.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011418764461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719897264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2015.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011421S00304"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; 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