{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:17:20Z","timestamp":1787019440297,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":78,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microbiome analyses now allow precise determination of the sinus microbiota of patients with exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this report is to describe the sinus microbiota of acute exacerbations in CRS clinical subgroups (with nasal polyps [CRSwNP], without nasal polyps [CRSsNP], and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis [AFRS]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective chart review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary rhinology practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review was performed of all patients whose sinus microbiota were assayed via a commercially available microbiome technology during an acute CRS exacerbation during the 2\u2010year period ending December 31, 2016. All samples were sinus aspirates collected under endoscopic visualization in clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Samples from a total of 134 patients (65 CRSsNP, 55 CRSwNP, and 14 AFRS) were reviewed. The observed richness (number of taxa &gt;2% relative abundance) ranged between 1 and 11 taxa, with an average of 3 taxa per specimen. The most common bacteria in all groups were\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcal<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp (including\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ),\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp,\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp, and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      had an increased prevalence in CRSsNP and AFRS as compared with CRSwNP. Otherwise, the sinus microbiota were markedly similar among all 3 clinical subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many bacterial types are identified during acute CRS exacerbation according to DNA\u2010based detection techniques. Bacterial richness was remarkably low in all samples. Few differences in the patterns among clinical subgroups were observed. Further investigation is warranted to determine the clinical significance of these observations and their role in current clinical algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2473974x19875100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1568754050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Analysis of Sinonasal Microbiota in Exacerbations of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Subgroups"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Vandelaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics &amp; Environment Sciences School of Public Health The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber U.","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar A.","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics &amp; Environment Sciences School of Public Health The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Citardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-017-0726-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21428"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489416641429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21695_c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.112730.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02228.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065898781390055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2004.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3282f4178f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"MicroGen Diagnostics.About MicroGen DX.https:\/\/microgendx.com\/about\u2010microgen\u2010dx\/. 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