{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:04:02Z","timestamp":1777986242838,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006727","name":"university of kansas medical center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003572","name":"american academy of otolaryngic allergy foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003572","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To further demonstrate the validity of Affordable Rapid Olfaction Measurement Array (AROMA), an essential oil\u2212based smell test, and compare it to the Sniffin\u2019 Sticks 12 Test (SST12).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty healthy individuals without sinonasal disease were recruited to the study. AROMA has been previously validated against the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. The current study tests 2 additional higher concentrations to increase the ability to detect olfactory reserve. Healthy participants completed AROMA, SST12, Sino\u2010Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022), and Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QoD). Spearman correlations were used to evaluate AROMA, SST, SNOT\u201022, and QoD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AROMA demonstrated strong test\u2010retest reliability (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.757, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01). AROMA showed a moderate correlation to SST12 (\u03c1 = 0.412, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01). Age and SNOT\u201022 were significantly correlated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 05) with AROMA (\u03c1 = \u22120.547, \u22120.331, respectively), and age was weakly correlated with SST (\u03c1 = \u22120.377, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01). Median percent correct scores were as follows: SST12 identification, 92%; AROMA detection, 90%; and AROMA identification, 81%. Median correct odor identification of AROMA concentrations at 1\u00d7, 2\u00d7, 4\u00d7, and 8\u00d7 were 64%, 75%, 92%, and 92%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>AROMA has a moderate correlation with SST12. AROMA is more strongly correlated than SST12 to age and SNOT\u201022. AROMA\u2019s stronger correlation with subjective olfactory status, low cost, and adaptability may help remove barriers to routine olfactory testing in the clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2473974x20962464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T14:07:40Z","timestamp":1602598060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Essential Oil Olfactory Test: Comparison of Affordable Rapid Olfaction Measurement Array (AROMA) to Sniffin\u2019 Sticks 12"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gracie","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Villwock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Villwock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Smell Identification TestTM(UPSIT). Accessed December 23 2018.https:\/\/sensonics.com\/smell\u2010identification\u2010test\u2010international\u2010versions\u2010available.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90269-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Sniffin\u2019 Sticks. Accessed December 23 2018.http:\/\/www.usneurologicals.com\/index.php?app=ecom&ns=prodshow&ref=ST_SniffinSticks"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111001015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001060050436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(96)70131-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200101000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ca014c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-005-0453-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.2952"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino15.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4580-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000164800750001134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-019-09263-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803391003683070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(87)90129-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419870833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"REDCap. Accessed September 16 2019.https:\/\/redcap.kumc.edu\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000381619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3128231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23365"}],"container-title":["OTO Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2473974X20962464","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2473974X20962464","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2473974X20962464","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:04:51Z","timestamp":1760969091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2473974X20962464"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2473974X20962464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2473974x20962464","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-974X","2473-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"article-number":"2473974X20962464"}}