{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:16:11Z","timestamp":1790810171215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":77,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Determine risk factors for failure to receive surgical treatment among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based observational longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariate analysis of 500,792\u00a0individuals with obstructive sleep apnea from Optum\u2019s deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart database (2004\u20102018).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Black race, increased age, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, obesity, and congestive heart failure were independently associated with a decreased rate of surgery for obstructive sleep apnea. Asian race, hypertension, arrhythmias other than atrial fibrillation, pulmonary disease, and liver disease were independently associated with an increased rate of surgery for obstructive sleep apnea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Racial disparities in health outcomes related to health care access and in economic resources have an enormous impact on public health and social equity. We found differences in rates of surgery for obstructive sleep apnea based on race. These data are consistent with others demonstrating disparities in medical treatment of sleep apnea with positive pressure and underline a need for a change in awareness and treatment in these populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2473974x221088870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T08:15:14Z","timestamp":1647677714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Racial Disparities in Surgical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier J.M.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robson","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7084.851"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.2008.s16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520760"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2010.509251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102869.1999.00136.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.5.9809079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2476"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2010.509255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010004\u20100173\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537\u2010200207000\u201000024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0027\u20109684(15)30217\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.8.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.096297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004\u20100339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech\u20102012\u2010202245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200808\u20101341OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13\u20100085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.4.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.031591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.2005136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","unstructured":"Pew Research Center.Intent to get a COVID\u201019 vaccine rises to 60% as confidence in research and development process increases. PublishedDecember 3 2020.https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/science\/2020\/12\/03\/intent\u2010to\u2010get\u2010a\u2010covid\u201019\u2010vaccine\u2010rises\u2010to\u201060\u2010as\u2010confidence\u2010in\u2010research\u2010and\u2010development\u2010process\u2010increases\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"NduggaN HillL ArtigaS HaldarS.Latest data on COVID\u201019 vaccinations by race\/ethnicity.Kaiser Family Foundation. PublishedDecember 15 2021.https:\/\/www.kff.org\/coronavirus\u2010covid\u201019\/issue\u2010brief\/latest\u2010data\u2010on\u2010covid\u201019\u2010vaccinations\u2010by\u2010race\u2010ethnicity\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063\u2010018\u20102835\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745\u20106215\u201015\u2010225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2018.1423865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Policy approaches to engaging men and boys in achieving gender equality and health equity. Published2010.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/44402"}],"container-title":["OTO Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2473974X221088870","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2473974X221088870","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2473974X221088870","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:40:38Z","timestamp":1760953238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2473974X221088870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2473974X221088870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2473974x221088870","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-974X","2473-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"article-number":"2473974X221088870"}}