{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:03:57Z","timestamp":1790697837641,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002806","name":"carl zeiss meditec ag","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY030564; R01EY028753; 1K08EY027006; K08CA23234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY030564; R01EY028753; 1K08EY027006; K08CA23234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work assesses longitudinal microvascular changes in eyes treated with iodine-125 episcleral plaque brachytherapy (EPB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-resolution optical coherence tomography angiograms (OCTAs) of the central 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093-mm macula were obtained from iodine-125 EPB\u2013treated and untreated fellow eyes of 61 patients. Previously validated semiautomated algorithms quantified capillary density (vessel skeleton density [VSD]) and caliber (vessel diameter index). Nonperfusion was also quantified as flow impairment region (FIR). Examinations from treated and fellow eyes obtained before treatment and at 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year intervals were compared using generalized estimating equation linear models. Dosimetry maps evaluated spatial correlation between radiation dose and microvascular metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 6 months, treated eyes had significantly lower VSD (0.145\u2009\u00b1\u20090.003 vs 0.155\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002; P\u2009=\u2009.009) and higher FIR (2.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.199 vs 1.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.104; P\u2009=\u2009.01) compared with fellow eyes. There was a significant decrease in VSD and a corresponding increase in FIR even for treated eyes without clinically identifiable retinopathy at 6 months. Vessel diameter index was significantly higher in treated eyes than in fellow eyes at 2 years (2.92\u2009\u00b1\u20090.025 vs 2.84\u2009\u00b1\u20090.018; P \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). We categorized our cohort into low-dose (&lt;\u200915 Gy) and high-dose (&gt;\u200945 Gy) radiation to the fovea and noted significant differences in VSD and FIR between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OCTA can quantify and monitor EPB-induced retinopathy and can detect vascular abnormalities even without clinically observable retinopathy. OCTA may be useful in investigating treatment interventions aiming to delay EPB-induced radiation retinopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2474126420936199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T08:46:42Z","timestamp":1597308402000},"page":"499-508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Quantifying Subclinical and Longitudinal Microvascular Changes                     Following Episcleral Plaque Brachytherapy Using Spectral Domain\u2013Optical                     Coherence Tomography Angiography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kyle M.","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye\r                Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Toy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye\r                Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bright S.","family":"Ashimatey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye\r                Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debarshi","family":"Mustafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye\r                Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Jennelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melvin A.","family":"Astrahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongdi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruikang K.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye\r                Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"The Vision Center, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck\r                School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse L.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye\r                Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"The Vision Center, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck\r                School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9767-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir H.","family":"Kashani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, USC Roski Eye\r                Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.12.1684"},{"key":"bibr2-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00526-1"},{"key":"bibr3-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4422"},{"key":"bibr4-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2018.07.002"},{"key":"bibr5-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00822.x"},{"key":"bibr6-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.39"},{"key":"bibr7-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31814b1b75"},{"key":"bibr8-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.052159"},{"key":"bibr9-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001874"},{"key":"bibr10-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.07.002"},{"key":"bibr11-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18904"},{"key":"bibr12-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176404"},{"key":"bibr13-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.08.035"},{"key":"bibr14-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001085"},{"key":"bibr15-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000490571"},{"key":"bibr16-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311389"},{"key":"bibr17-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.06.005"},{"key":"bibr18-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.6.066008"},{"key":"bibr19-2474126420936199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20150909-12"},{"key":"bibr20-2474126420936199","volume-title":"Retinal 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