{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:03:30Z","timestamp":1790697810955,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Purpose: To evaluate a recently developed technique using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) volumes in patients with submacular hemorrhage secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Three patients (72 to 83 years old) had 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal tPA, and a partial gas fill. An investigational intraoperative OCT system with a modified widefield noncontact indirect viewing apparatus was used to image subretinal tPA blebs. Using the recently developed technique, the volume and surface area in the segmented region of interest were determined. Results: In each case, the delivered tPA volume measured from the syringe differed from the intraoperative OCT\u2013measured subretinal tPA volume: Patient 1, 130 \u00b5L from syringe, 118 \u00b5L based on intraoperative OCT, 9% difference; Patient 2, 140 \u00b5L, 50 \u00b5L, 64%; Patient 3, 110 \u00b5L, 122 \u00b5L, 11%. The total bleb surface area was 129 mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    in Patient 1, 55 mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    in Patient 2, and 106 mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    in Patient 3. Conclusions: This was the first human study to implement and evaluate intraoperative OCT image\u2013based methods to obtain volumetric bleb measurements in patients receiving subretinal tPA for exudative AMD. This proof-of-concept study showed that intraoperative OCT\u2013obtained bleb volume differed from intraoperative recordings, which could be explained by tPA delivery into the vitreous, efflux through the retinotomy, or human error. Intraoperative OCT can provide visualization and quantification of subretinal tPA bleb volume and surface area, which has implications for improved safety, efficacy, and analysis of the effects of subretinal drug delivery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264241253920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T07:31:51Z","timestamp":1716967911000},"page":"587-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intraoperative OCT-Guided Volumetric Measurements of Subretinal Therapy Delivery in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5785-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nita G.","family":"Valikodath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei D.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Raynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Izatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lejla","family":"Vajzovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-24741264241253920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-019-0200-0"},{"key":"bibr2-24741264241253920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-1549(02)00049-4"},{"key":"bibr3-24741264241253920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05966-3"},{"key":"bibr4-24741264241253920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31868-8"},{"key":"bibr5-24741264241253920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0185-5"},{"key":"bibr6-24741264241253920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.1032"},{"key":"bibr7-24741264241253920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.298"},{"key":"bibr8-24741264241253920","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316195"},{"key":"bibr9-24741264241253920","unstructured":"Gyroscope Therapeutics Limited. HORIZON: A Phase II, Open-Label, Outcomes-Assessor Masked, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of GT005 Administered as a Single Subretinal Injection in Subjects with Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. clinicaltrials.gov. 2022. 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