{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T04:58:44Z","timestamp":1794286724753,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EyePoint Pharmaceuticals","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vwrbq09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To review sustained-release intraocular platforms used to treat diseases of the retina and choroid. Methods: A literature review of the current applications of biomaterials for sustained-release therapy in retinal and choroidal diseases was performed. Results: Retinal and choroidal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and uveitis, are commonly treated using intravitreal (IVT) therapies that require frequent IVT injections. Multiple sustained-release options for IVT therapy have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases, including noninfectious uveitis, infectious diseases, and exudative retinal diseases (eg, retinal venous occlusive disease and DME) using drugs such as fluocinolone acetonide, ganciclovir, and dexamethasone. The platforms for these drugs are biodegradable or nonbiodegradable. They use biomaterials such as polymers and hydrogels and are typically implanted surgically or injected into the vitreous, where they release the drug gradually over months or years. Building on these technologies, novel platforms are being studied that are intended to treat conditions including nAMD, DR, DME, and uveitis. These platforms are being tested for their safety, efficacy, and ability to reduce the injection and visit burden. Conclusions: Multiple sustained-release ocular drug-delivery platforms are currently commercially available, and many new sustained-release IVT platforms are being investigated. The hope is that meaningfully reducing the injection burden by extending intervals between treatments while maintaining optimal efficacy will improve long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264241267065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T13:20:10Z","timestamp":1724332810000},"page":"577-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Extended Intraocular Drug-Delivery Platforms for the Treatment of Retinal and Choroidal Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7756-5091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles C.","family":"Wykoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Retina Consultants of Texas; Retina Consultants of America; Blanton Eye Institute, Houston, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baruch D.","family":"Kuppermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl D.","family":"Regillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retinal Consultants Medical Group, Sacramento, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seenu M.","family":"Hariprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay S.","family":"Duker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, MA, USA"},{"name":"New England Eye Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Altaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u00efd","family":"Sa\u00efm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7"},{"key":"bibr2-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S295223"},{"key":"bibr3-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14946"},{"key":"bibr4-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2022-001188"},{"key":"bibr5-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11081371"},{"key":"bibr6-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0770-y"},{"key":"bibr7-24741264241267065","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Biosynthetic Polymers for Medical Applications: Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials","volume":"2016","author":"Uhrich KE"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr8-24741264241267065.1","unstructured":"Kang Derwent JJ, Mieler WF. Thermoresponsive hydrogels as a new ocular drug delivery platform to the posterior segment of the eye. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2008;106:206-213"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr8-24741264241267065.2","unstructured":"discussion 213-4. Accessed July 15, 2024. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19277236"},{"key":"bibr9-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2013006475"},{"key":"bibr10-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15033640"},{"key":"bibr11-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14050904"},{"key":"bibr12-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEB.2012.0443"},{"key":"bibr13-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-019-00439-x"},{"key":"bibr14-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0809-0"},{"key":"bibr15-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030454"},{"key":"bibr16-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9594-3"},{"key":"bibr17-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.04.003"},{"key":"bibr18-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1na00596k"},{"key":"bibr19-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12020298"},{"key":"bibr20-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.07.031"},{"key":"bibr21-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Bolourchian N, Mahboobian MM, Dadashzadeh S. The effect of PEG molecular weights on dissolution behavior of simvastatin in solid dispersions. Iran J Pharm Res. 2013;12(Suppl):11-20. Accessed July 15, 2024. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24250667"},{"key":"bibr22-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.10.031"},{"key":"bibr23-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8120816"},{"key":"bibr24-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13030357"},{"key":"bibr25-24741264241267065","volume-title":"Poster presented at: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology","author":"Kahn E"},{"key":"bibr26-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6b01604"},{"key":"bibr27-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201219884"},{"key":"bibr28-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13050701"},{"key":"bibr29-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-01043-z"},{"key":"bibr30-24741264241267065","volume-title":"Physiology, Zero and First Order Kinetics","author":"Borowy CS","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr31-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114342"},{"key":"bibr32-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2019.05.037"},{"key":"bibr33-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v8i5-s.1991"},{"key":"bibr34-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Mohan S, Ratra D. Intravitreal Implants. StatPearls; 2022. Accessed May 31, 2023. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK587356\/"},{"key":"bibr35-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Genentech. Subject: voluntary recall of the SUSVIMO\u2122 Ocular Implant. [Important Prescribing Information]; 2022. Accessed July 15, 2024. https:\/\/www.gene.com\/download\/pdf\/Susvimo_DHCP_Important_Prescribing_Information_2022-10-18.pdf"},{"key":"bibr36-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Allergan. Ozurdex [prescribing information]; 2022. Accessed July 15, 2024. https:\/\/www.rxabbvie.com\/pdf\/ozurdex_pi.pdf"},{"key":"bibr37-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12080703"},{"key":"bibr38-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Allergan. Ozurdex [Summary of Product Characteristics]. Accessed July 15, 2024. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/ozurdex-epar-product-information_en.pdf"},{"key":"bibr39-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5285"},{"key":"bibr40-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00134"},{"key":"bibr41-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00700872"},{"key":"bibr42-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1122-1"},{"key":"bibr43-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(96)30677-5"},{"key":"bibr44-24741264241267065","unstructured":"AMP Inc. Vitrasert [package insert]; 2023. Accessed July 15, 2024. https:\/\/www.drugs.com\/pro\/vitrasert.html"},{"key":"bibr45-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/126463"},{"key":"bibr46-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Bausch\u2009+\u2009Lomb. Retisert [prescribing information]. Bausch\u2009+\u2009Lomb, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC; 2021. Accessed July 15, 2024. https:\/\/www.bauschretinarx.com\/globalassets\/pdf\/packageinserts\/pharma\/retisert-prescribing-information.pdf"},{"key":"bibr47-24741264241267065","unstructured":"EyePoint Pharmaceuticals US, Inc. Yutiq [prescribing information]; 2021. Accessed July 15, 2024. https:\/\/yutiq.com\/pi\/"},{"key":"bibr48-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Alimera Sciences. Iluvien [prescribing information]; 2016. Accessed July 15, 2024. https:\/\/hcpiluvien.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Prescribing-Information.pdf"},{"key":"bibr49-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2019-0051"},{"key":"bibr50-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2014.0100"},{"key":"bibr51-24741264241267065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.08.019"},{"key":"bibr52-24741264241267065","unstructured":"EyePoint Pharmaceuticals. EyePoint Pharmaceuticals completes enrollment in oversubscribed phase 2 DAVIO 2 clinical trial of EYP-1901 for Maintenance Treatment of wet AMD. March 27, 2023. Accessed July 9, 2023. https:\/\/investors.eyepointpharma.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/eyepoint-pharmaceuticals-completes-enrollment-oversubscribed"},{"key":"bibr53-24741264241267065","volume-title":"Paper presented at: Annual Meeting of the American Society of Retina Specialists","author":"Singh R."},{"key":"bibr54-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Cobbs L. ASRS Day 3: 12-month results of EYP-1901 vorolanib in a bioerodible Durasert insert for nAMD, The DAVIO trial. 2022. Accessed June 1, 2023. https:\/\/retinaroundup.com\/2022\/07\/17\/asrs-day-3-12-month-results-of-eyp-1901-vorolanib-in-a-bioerodible-durasert-insert-for-namd-the-davio-trial\/"},{"key":"bibr55-24741264241267065","unstructured":"GlobeNewswire. Ocular Therapeutix\u2122 announces interim 10-month data from the ongoing U.S. phase 1 clinical trial evaluating OTX-TKI for the treatment of wet AMD. February 11, 2023. Accessed July 17, 2023. https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/en\/news-release\/2023\/02\/11\/2606260\/0\/en\/Ocular-Therapeutix-Announces-Interim-10-month-Data-from-the-Ongoing-U-S-Phase-1-Clinical-Trial-Evaluating-OTX-TKI-for-the-Treatment-of-Wet-AMD.html"},{"key":"bibr56-24741264241267065","volume-title":"Paper presented at: Clinical Trials at the Summit","author":"Khanani AM."},{"key":"bibr57-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Business Wire. Ocular Therapeutix\u2122 announces interim 7-month data from U.S. phase 1 clinical trial of OTX-TKI for the treatment of wet AMD. September 27, 2022. Accessed July 8, 2023. https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20220927005508\/en\/Ocular-Therapeutix%E2%84%A2-Announces-Interim-7-month-Data-from-U.S.Phase-1-Clinical-Trial-of-OTX-TKI-for-the-Treatment-of-Wet-AMD"},{"key":"bibr58-24741264241267065","unstructured":"Modern Retina. Phase 1 clinical trial of OTX-TKI for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy completes enrollment. June 8, 2023. Accessed July 8, 2023. https:\/\/www.modernretina.com\/view\/phase-1-clinical-trial-of-otx-tki-for-the-treatment-of-diabetic-retinopathy-completes-enrollment"}],"container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/24741264241267065","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/24741264241267065","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/24741264241267065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:24:17Z","timestamp":1790695457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/24741264241267065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/24741264241267065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/24741264241267065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-1264","2474-1272"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-1264","type":"print"},{"value":"2474-1272","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]}}}