{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:04:27Z","timestamp":1790697867752,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754784000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate the association of cigarette-alternative tobacco products with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The 2017 National Health Interview Survey, comprising epidemiologic data from a nationally representative sample of the US adult population, was queried to identify all participants who reported using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and smokeless tobacco and whether or not they had AMD. Participant characteristics were analyzed and a multivariable regression was performed to determine predictors of AMD, adjusting for age, sex, race\/ethnicity, number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day, and body mass index.\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The final analytic sample included 26 689 survey respondents, representing the US national population of 246 242 859 adults. The weighted prevalence of AMD was 1.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.8%\u20132.1%). Compared to those without AMD, adults with AMD were significantly older, more often female, and disproportionately non-Hispanic White (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001). In adjusted models (including adjustment for number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day), the odds ratios for developing AMD were 1.49 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.18) in adults who used smokeless tobacco products and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.60) in adults who used e-cigarettes, compared to those who had never used these products.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : This study identified smokeless tobacco use as a novel factor associated with AMD among a nationally representative sample, suggesting its avoidance may reduce the risk of developing AMD. Additional studies are needed to better understand the long-term effects of e-cigarettes on AMD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264251362886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T18:01:58Z","timestamp":1754848918000},"page":"788-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations between Electronic Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco, and Age-related Macular Degeneration in the 2017 United States National Health Interview Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Alejandro","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Brinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Chin Loy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8147-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman J.","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6514a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70173-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. 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