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Group 1 (control) received no intervention. Groups 2 (sham) and 3 (treatment) received 0.07 IU\/0.1 mL dispase at baseline. At week 8, Group 2 received dimethyl sulfoxide, while Group 3 received intravitreal nilotinib (2 ng\/\u00b5L). All animals were euthanized at week 8, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze enucleated eyes for levels of transforming growth factor-\u03b2, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-1\u03b2.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Compared with controls, Group 2 showed significant increases in all cytokines (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05). In Group 3, transforming growth factor-\u03b2, platelet-derived growth factor, VEGF, and interleukin-1\u03b2 were reduced compared with Group 2, but these decreases were not statistically significant. In contrast, fibroblast growth factor-2 levels were significantly lower in Group 3 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The biochemical findings of the current study indicate the potential of nilotinib in modulating fibrotic processes. Further investigations incorporating anatomic endpoints may help to more clearly define nilotinib\u2019s possible role in the treatment of ocular diseases associated with fibrosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264261438435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T07:29:35Z","timestamp":1780644575000},"page":"1017-1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intravitreal Nilotinib Reduces Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Levels in a Rat Model of Dispase-Induced Intraocular Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6951-8260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, F\u0131rat University Hospital, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3281-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan Veli","family":"Sava\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karako\u00e7an State Hospital, Karako\u00e7an, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1337-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Balbaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, F\u0131rat University Hospital, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevin","family":"\u0130lhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, F\u0131rat University, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8857-994X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Erda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, F\u0131rat University Hospital, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6554-8021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Canleblebici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kayseri State Hospital, Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-10-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2023.1260592"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34588-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(98)00023-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/MI.2013.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2022.859951"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73518-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000027378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33443-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Andrews A Balciunaite E Leong FL et al. 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