{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T15:42:36Z","timestamp":1794238956653,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health Center Core","award":["P30EY013810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY013810"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n To evaluate whether vitamin B\n 12<\/jats:sub>\n deficiency with elevated homocysteine is associated with increased risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO).\n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n : A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network (August 2005\u2013August 2025). Adults (\u226518 years) with vitamin B\n 12<\/jats:sub>\n deficiency (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code D51.0-D51.9) and hyperhomocysteinemia (>15.00 \u00b5mol\/L) were matched in a 1:1 ratio to controls without B\n 12<\/jats:sub>\n deficiency and with homocysteine status unrestricted, using propensity scores for age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and nicotine dependence. Patients with pre-index RVO were excluded. The primary outcome was incident RVO (central or branch) over 10 years, analyzed with risk ratios, odds ratios, hazard ratios, and Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence curves.\n Results<\/jats:bold>\n : After matching and exclusion of patients with prior RVO, 10 161 individuals were included (5070 with B\n 12<\/jats:sub>\n deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia, 5091 controls). The cohorts were well-balanced across demographics and comorbidities. Incident RVO occurred in 32 patients (0.63%) with B\n 12<\/jats:sub>\n deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia compared with 15 patients (0.29%) among the control group, corresponding to a statistically significant increased risk (risk ratio, 2.142 [95% CI, 1.162-3.951]; odds ratio, 2.149 [95% CI, 1.163-3.974]; both\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .012). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated a higher cumulative incidence of RVO in the B\n 12<\/jats:sub>\n deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia cohort (log-rank \u03c7\u00b2 = 7.551,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .006; hazard ratio, 2.306 [95% CI, 1.249-4.260]).\n Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n : Vitamin B\n 12<\/jats:sub>\n deficiency with hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with an increased RVO risk. These findings highlight a modifiable risk factor, and prospective studies are needed to assess causality and evaluate whether correction of vitamin B\n 12<\/jats:sub>\n deficiency or hyperhomocysteinemia reduces RVO risk.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264261445235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T12:32:53Z","timestamp":1779712373000},"page":"1281-1286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk of Retinal Vein Occlusion in Patients With Vitamin B\n 12<\/sub>\n Deficiency and Hyperhomocysteinemia: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study Using TriNetX"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3605-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shon B.","family":"Shmushkevich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannan","family":"Berzack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandi","family":"Bajrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Hollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayan","family":"Massoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5289-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl S.","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI), Waltham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant K.","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Eye Care, Kendall, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7257-026X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basil K.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubair A.","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayanth","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.010427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.5.726"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867321666140706142335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1473-5897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-012-0238-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arteri.2020.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.111213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-021-02905-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_349_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000437098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414241240687"}],"container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/24741264261445235","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/24741264261445235","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/24741264261445235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T04:17:04Z","timestamp":1794197824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/24741264261445235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/24741264261445235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/24741264261445235","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-1264","2474-1272"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-1264","type":"print"},{"value":"2474-1272","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]}}}