{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:05:38Z","timestamp":1790697938969,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report a unique case of hydroxychloroquine-associated retinal toxicity presenting with cystoid macular edema (CME) and retinal vasculopathy and to discuss its potential pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single case was reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Report:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 65-year-old woman with a history of hydroxychloroquine use for approximately 5.5 years presented with bilateral CME and parafoveal ellipsoid zone disruption with outer retinal loss on optical coherence tomography. Multimodal imaging demonstrated central bull\u2019s-eye maculopathy and peripheral pigmentary changes on fundus autofluorescence and peripheral vascular leakage on fluorescein angiography. The uveitis workup, anti-retinal antibody testing, and genetic testing were negative. As retinal findings were normal at the first hydroxychloroquine screening, the patient was diagnosed with advanced hydroxychloroquine toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity to include CME associated with retinal vasculopathy. Annual retinal examination should begin promptly in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine at doses exceeding 5 mg\/kg\/day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264261479196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T06:27:18Z","timestamp":1787552838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rapidly Progressive Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity Presenting With Cystoid Macular Edema and Retinal Vasculopathy: A Novel Phenotype With 6-Year Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7927-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irmak","family":"Karaca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA"},{"name":"Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital (MEETH), Northwell Health, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA"},{"name":"Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital (MEETH), Northwell Health, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University, Langone Health, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Chaiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chaiken Vision Clinic, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Spiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine 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