{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:40:28Z","timestamp":1792482028205,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY025585(BA-A)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY025585(BA-A)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012729","name":"Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Cleveland, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are protective against retinal vascular occlusions.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Using a large aggregated, de-identified electronic health records data platform in the United States, patients with type 2 diabetes ages \u226518 years prescribed glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists or non\u2013glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (controls) and having ophthalmology follow-up of at least 1, 3, or 5 years were included. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and control cohorts were propensity score matched (1:1) on demographics and risk factors, and outcomes were compared at 1, 3, and 5 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were reported, with significance defined as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    After matching, each cohort comprised 53 413 patients after 1 year, 25 738 patients after 3 years, and 14 695 patients after 5 years. Significantly reduced risk of all vascular occlusions was observed in the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist cohort at 1 year (HR, 0.66, 95% CI, 0.54\u20130.80), 3 years (HR, 0.71, 95% CI, 0.59\u20130.86), and 5 years (HR, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.64\u20130.97). Retinal vein occlusion risk was significantly reduced in the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist cohort up to 3 years (HR, 0.75, 95% CI, 0.60\u20130.94), but not after 5 years (HR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.64\u20131.08). While there was no reduction in retinal artery occlusion risk at 1 year (HR, 0.69, 95% CI, 0.48\u20131.00), there were significant reductions at later time points.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Results suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may reduce the risk of retinal vascular occlusions. Additional prospective trials and analysis of long-term outcomes are needed to further investigate this association.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264261486777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:33:20Z","timestamp":1792301600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Risk of Retinal Vascular Occlusions"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Nadia J.","family":"Abbass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4206-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Kaelber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5859-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishi P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Eye and Ear, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Talcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7725-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra V.","family":"Rachitskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.054"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"595","article-title":"Systemic diseases in non-inflammatory branch and central retinal artery occlusion\u2013an overview of 416 patients","volume":"12","author":"Schmidt D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmidt D, Hetzel A, Geibel-Zehender A, Schulte-M\u00f6nting J. 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