{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:39:43Z","timestamp":1792679983116,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB) Challenge Grant","award":["P30EY025585(BA-A)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY025585(BA-A)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the relationship between trimester of pregnancy and stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a cohort of women with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, data were collected from adult women with diabetes who experienced a pregnancy at 5 timepoints: prepregnancy, each trimester, and postpregnancy. Progression, manifestation, and improvement of DR were tracked via logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 158 patients were analyzed. Among them, 13 (8.2%) showed progression to worse stage of DR during pregnancy, of whom 6.9%, 5.0%, and 14.3% had progression within the prepregnancy\/first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester brackets, respectively, and 10.0% progressed postpregnancy; differences between the trimesters regarding incidence of DR progression were nonsignificant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .42). Of patients with no retinopathy at baseline, 4.62%, 7.69%, and 5.88% developed DR in each of the 3 trimesters, respectively, and 6.45% developed DR postpregnancy; differences in rates of DR manifestation were nonsignificant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .97).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnancy stage was not associated with risk of DR manifestation or progression in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/24741264261496246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:38:59Z","timestamp":1792496339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of Diabetic Retinopathy in Trimesters of Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4435-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanika","family":"Seth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0688-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil A.","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason M.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5859-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishi P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Eye and Ear, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Talcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Vitreoretinal Service, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.3.249"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12760"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02427272"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.5.631"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701340"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2011.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0340"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-124"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp070331"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0904"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy and the effect of pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Mallika P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mallika P, Tan A, S A, T A, Alwi SS, Intan G. Diabetic retinopathy and the effect of pregnancy. Malays Fam Physician. 2010;5(1):2-5.","journal-title":"Malays Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00947063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","unstructured":"Widyaputri F. Optimising the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy in Pregnant Women With Pre-existing Diabetes in Australia. Doctoral thesis. University of Melbourne; 2021. Accessed July 9 2021. http:\/\/minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au\/handle\/11343\/274848"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8855"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","unstructured":"American Academy of Ophthalmology. Diabetic retinopathy preferred practice pattern\u00ae 2024. Published February 7 2025. Accessed October 15 2025. https:\/\/www.aao.org\/education\/preferred-practice-pattern\/diabetic-retinopathy-ppp"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1377_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/310239"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00766.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"Rathinavelu J Sarvepalli S Bailey B D\u2019Alessio D Hadziahmetovic M. The Impact of Pregnancy on Diabetic Retinopathy: A Single-Site Study of Clinical Risk Factors. Scholars@Duke; 2025. Accessed October 11 2025. https:\/\/scholars.duke.edu\/publication\/1593792"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14819"}],"container-title":["Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/24741264261496246","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/24741264261496246","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/24741264261496246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:51:41Z","timestamp":1792677101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/24741264261496246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/24741264261496246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/24741264261496246","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-1264","2474-1272"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-1264","type":"print"},{"value":"2474-1272","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"article-number":"24741264261496246"}}