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Having learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is significant to continue evaluating existing vaccines to ensure their safety and efficacy. Developing new vaccines for widespread use against mpox and its emerging strains also serves as a preventive strategy in the ongoing battle against this dynamic infection. Here\u2019s an opportunity to control human-to-human transmission, give short deadlines, and avoid vaccine disparity. Public health systems must take decisive action to prevent the global spread of mpox, particularly among vulnerable groups. This action should include strengthening global surveillance, improving vaccine access, and ensuring equitable distribution, particularly in resource-poor settings, to prevent future outbreaks. This review aims to assess recent advancements and barriers in mpox vaccine development, emphasizing cross-protection and equitable vaccine distribution in resource-poor settings. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/25151355251314339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T18:25:45Z","timestamp":1738175145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Current advances and challenges in mpox vaccine development: a global landscape"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7401-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Shafaati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Infectious Diseases Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 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