{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T23:58:45Z","timestamp":1780617525694,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Herbal products from Paullinia pinnata Linn are widely used in African folk medicine to treat several infectious diseases. Although the extracts from this plant has been shown to possess antimicrobial potential, their activity in infectious diarrhea is less reported. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    CFU\/mL of Shigella flexneri to the rats. The infected rats were treated for 5 days with the doses of 111.42, 222.84, and 445.68 mg\/kg of P pinnata. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and histology of organs examined by 14 days subacute toxicity. S flexneri stool load was considerably reduced after 4 days of treatment with the dose of 445.68 mg\/kg, 5 days at the dose of 222.84 mg\/kg for the extract, and 2 days with ciprofloxacin. The dose of 111.42 mg\/kg appeared efficient after 5 days of treatment. The creatinine level increased at the dose of 445.68 mg\/kg in both male and female rats and decrease at the dose of 222.84 mg\/mL in female rats while an increase was noted in the male rats. Liver and kidney histology were modified at the dose of 445.68 mg\/kg while no change was observed at the doses of 111.42 and 222.84 mg\/kg. P pinnata leaf extract is efficient against infectious diarrhea at 111.42 mg\/kg without side effect.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2515690x19900883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T04:12:03Z","timestamp":1579752723000},"page":"2515690X1990088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Toxicity and Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of\n                    <i>Paullinia pinnata<\/i>\n                    Linn (Sapindaceae) in\n                    <i>Shigella flexneri<\/i>\n                    \u2013Induced Diarrhea in Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Maximilienne Ascension","family":"Nyegue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8364-5864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alian D\u00e9sir\u00e9","family":"Afagnigni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youchahou Njankouo","family":"Ndam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve Valdi","family":"Djova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Christine","family":"Fonkoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier","family":"Etoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2515690X19900883","volume-title":"Diarrhoea: Why Children Are Still Dying and What Can Be Done","author":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund\/World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr2-2515690X19900883","first-page":"70","volume":"7","author":"Chitme HR","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"bibr3-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/505866"},{"key":"bibr4-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.Supplement_4.S245"},{"key":"bibr5-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91086-7"},{"key":"bibr6-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80209-5"},{"key":"bibr7-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-211"},{"key":"bibr8-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2271-0"},{"key":"bibr9-2515690X19900883","first-page":"605","volume":"60","author":"Snyder JD","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr10-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(15)30012-5"},{"key":"bibr11-2515690X19900883","first-page":"226","volume":"2","author":"Addo-Fordjour P","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Plants Res"},{"key":"bibr12-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.07.024"},{"key":"bibr13-2515690X19900883","first-page":"121","volume":"4","author":"Adinortey MB","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bio Med"},{"key":"bibr14-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4314\/scinat.v6i1.48575","volume":"6","author":"N\u2019Guessan K","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science et Nature"},{"key":"bibr15-2515690X19900883","first-page":"301","volume":"3","author":"Focho DA","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Plants Res"},{"key":"bibr16-2515690X19900883","first-page":"102","volume":"8","author":"Maiha BB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nig J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"bibr17-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-302"},{"key":"bibr18-2515690X19900883","first-page":"173","volume":"4","author":"Afagnigni AD","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"bibr19-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5138\/09750185.2115"},{"key":"bibr20-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/BJPR\/2014\/10990"},{"key":"bibr21-2515690X19900883","first-page":"119","volume":"5","author":"Annan K","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Mag"},{"key":"bibr22-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2006.253"},{"key":"bibr23-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10496475.2014.906015"},{"key":"bibr24-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1371-y"},{"key":"bibr25-2515690X19900883","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"Osarenmwinda I","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Health"},{"key":"bibr26-2515690X19900883","first-page":"81","volume":"42","author":"Adeyemo-Salami AO","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"bibr27-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2016.60304"},{"key":"bibr28-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5567\/pharmacologia.2015.264.272"},{"key":"bibr29-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/JPP2013.0299"},{"key":"bibr30-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367707780378212"},{"key":"bibr31-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2005.335","volume":"8","author":"Kamgang R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr32-2515690X19900883","first-page":"2017","volume":"4038371","author":"Afagnigni AD","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"bibr33-2515690X19900883","unstructured":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Repeated dose oral toxicity test method. In:\n                      OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals\n                      ,\n                      No. 407\n                      . Paris, France: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; 2008."},{"key":"bibr34-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420093278.ch5"},{"key":"bibr35-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00038"},{"key":"bibr36-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-58"},{"key":"bibr37-2515690X19900883","first-page":"40","volume":"7","author":"Kamgang R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr38-2515690X19900883","first-page":"S672","volume":"4","author":"Ateufack G","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"bibr39-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v14i10.16"},{"key":"bibr40-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.34.77"},{"key":"bibr41-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-70"},{"key":"bibr42-2515690X19900883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3055-1_10"},{"key":"bibr43-2515690X19900883","first-page":"24","volume":"6","author":"Eliassou M","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Pharm Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2515690X19900883","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2515690X19900883","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2515690X19900883","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:09:51Z","timestamp":1777388991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2515690X19900883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2515690X19900883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2515690x19900883","relation":{},"ISSN":["2515-690X","2515-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2515-690X","type":"print"},{"value":"2515-690X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]}}}