{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:37:33Z","timestamp":1793317053654,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapidly increasing global burden of healthcare associated infections (HAI) is resulting in proportionate increase in chemical disinfection in healthcare settings, adding an extra burden of environmental toxicity. Therefore, alternative disinfection techniques with less or no adverse side-effects need to be explored. In this regard, ayurvedic \u2018 dhoopan\u2019 technique involving slow combustion of medicinal herbs, minerals and animal products hold great promise. In this study, dhoopan of a traditionally defined ayurvedic medicinal mix, \u2018Vishaghn Dhoop\u2019 (VD) has been assessed for its anti-microbial potentials against both Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria, Mycobacterium and pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. Fume generated from slow combustion of VD was subjected to physico-chemical characterization and was assessed for anti-microbial effects. VD fume contained particles of 354\u2009\u00b1\u200984\u2005nm size, laden with anti-microbial metabolites. On agar plates, VD fumigation reduced bacterial growth by 13 - 38%. Liquid culture aeration with VD fume inhibited bacterial growth by 50 - 85%, and fungal growth by 80%. In real life settings (in vivo), un-sanitized rooms fumigated with VD fumes for 30\u2005min reduced the environmental microbial loads by 10 folds. In addition, the safety of VD fumigation was evaluated through in vitro cytotoxicity assay on human lung epithelial (A549) cells. Cells exposed to media-collected VD fumes for 24\u2005h exhibited normal cyto-safety profile. Collectively, these observations provide scientific evidence in support of a traditional technique of disinfection, which can be fine-tuned to have implications in clinical, healthcare and food industry where, disinfection is a prime requirement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2515690x211068832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T09:41:42Z","timestamp":1641375702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vishaghn Dhoop, Nano-Scale Particles with Detoxifying Medicinal Fume, Exhibits Robust Anti-Microbial Activities: Implications of Disinfection Potentials of a Traditional Ayurvedic Air Sterilization Technique"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Acharya","family":"Balkrishna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India"},{"name":"University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swami","family":"Yagyadev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swami","family":"Vipradev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanchan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yash","family":"Varshney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhangi","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Haldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-0882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anurag","family":"Varshney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India"},{"name":"University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India"},{"name":"Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2515690X211068832","unstructured":"The burden of health care-associated infection worldwide. 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