{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T23:55:32Z","timestamp":1782172532105,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aqueous extract of unripe Musa paradisiaca fruit is commonly used for the treatment of ulcers in eastern Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the acute and subacute effects of an aqueous extract of unripe fruit on male and female fertility in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aqueous extracts obtained by maceration were analyzed for acute and subacute toxicity and for the presence of phytochemical constituents using standard procedures. The extract (100, 500, and 1000\u2005mg\/kg) was administered daily to rats of both sexes for 28 d. Blood samples collected on days 0 and 28 were assessed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Testes and ovaries were harvested for histopathological analysis. Sperm were also collected to determine the sperm count and motility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and resins. After an oral dose of up to 5000\u2005mg\/kg, there were no deaths in the acute toxicity test. The extract (500\u2005mg\/kg) significantly ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) enhanced sperm count and motility relative to the untreated control; significantly ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) reduced SOD, CAT, and glutathione levels, while significantly ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) elevated LH, FSH, and MDA levels in male and female rats. Histological examination revealed significant structural damage to the ovaries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unripe Musa paradisiaca fruit exhibited an adverse toxicological profile following prolonged administration and caused oxidative stress in rodents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2515690x241249534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T22:30:05Z","timestamp":1714343405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Aqueous Extract of Unripe\n                    <i>Musa Paradisiaca<\/i>\n                    Linn on Parameters Affecting Reproduction in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Collins Azubuike","family":"Onyeto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8282-5983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akachukwu Marytheresa","family":"Onwuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikechukwu Emmanuel","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwuemeka Sylvester","family":"Nworu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Achunike","family":"Akah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"48","key":"bibr1-2515690X241249534","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-16489-4","volume":"28","author":"Priya K","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"bibr2-2515690X241249534","first-page":"0","volume-title":"Occupational and environmental health","author":"Laumbach R","year":"2017"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr3-2515690X241249534","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327102ht299oa","volume":"21","author":"Tagwireyi D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr4-2515690X241249534","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1159\/000516240","volume":"106","author":"Jota Baptista CV","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr5-2515690X241249534","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.110035","volume":"54","author":"Alabi AS","year":"2013","journal-title":"Niger Med J"},{"key":"bibr6-2515690X241249534","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8663210","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8663210","volume":"2021","author":"Owusu-Boadi E","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary Altern Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr7-2515690X241249534","first-page":"091","volume":"11","author":"Ariffin MM","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr8-2515690X241249534","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/2276","volume":"14","author":"Falowo TT","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr9-2515690X241249534","first-page":"2770","volume":"4","author":"Visweswari G","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr10-2515690X241249534","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-022-00770-8","volume":"46","author":"Agidew MG","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr11-2515690X241249534","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01234480","volume":"54","author":"Lorke D","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"bibr12-2515690X241249534","unstructured":"El-Kashoury AA, Salama AF, Selim AI, Mohamed RA. 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