{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:55:12Z","timestamp":1777881312298,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["This work is supported by an Unrestricted Grant fr"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["This work is supported by an Unrestricted Grant fr"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Eye Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u2013associated uveitis has an estimated prevalence of 10\u201320% in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, making it the most common cause of chronic anterior uveitis in children. Prompt treatment is important to prevent development of ocular complications and permanent vision loss. In this review, we will discuss the use of immunosuppression in treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u2013associated uveitis. This will include the use of conventional immunosuppressants, such as methotrexate, biologic anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, such as adalimumab, as well as other anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, including infliximab and golimumab. In addition, we will discuss medications currently in clinical trials or under consideration for juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u2013associated uveitis, including interleukin-6 inhibitors (tocilizumab) and Janus kinase inhibitors (tofacitinib, baricitinib).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2515841420984572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:43:50Z","timestamp":1613868230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Recent advances in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u2013associated uveitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Judy L.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0520-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parinaz","family":"Abiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7532-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmund","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 200 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7003, USA"},{"name":"Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60244-4"},{"key":"bibr2-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.03.014"},{"key":"bibr3-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2005.01.007"},{"key":"bibr4-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2017.0111"},{"key":"bibr5-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2017.71.52-55"},{"key":"bibr6-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0088-2"},{"key":"bibr7-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.03.007"},{"key":"bibr8-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130302"},{"key":"bibr9-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/461078"},{"key":"bibr10-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-019-01184-8"},{"key":"bibr11-2515841420984572","first-page":"92i","volume":"112","author":"Heiligenhaus A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"bibr12-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60363-8"},{"key":"bibr13-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00225-3"},{"key":"bibr14-2515841420984572","first-page":"1139","volume":"34","author":"Grassi A","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr15-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S25872"},{"key":"bibr16-2515841420984572","volume":"47","author":"Walscheid K","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr17-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.1.51"},{"key":"bibr18-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30329-7"},{"key":"bibr19-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.108322"},{"key":"bibr20-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27416"},{"key":"bibr21-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30027-6"},{"key":"bibr22-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22709"},{"key":"bibr23-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13388"},{"key":"bibr24-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131494"},{"key":"bibr25-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2002.129045"},{"key":"bibr26-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2018.01.002"},{"key":"bibr27-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2015.1115878"},{"key":"bibr28-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40484"},{"key":"bibr29-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40544"},{"key":"bibr30-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2013.841495"},{"key":"bibr31-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273941003678837"},{"key":"bibr32-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000723"},{"key":"bibr33-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.255"},{"key":"bibr34-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2014.03.002"},{"key":"bibr35-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.06.011"},{"key":"bibr36-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/ijr.12.83"},{"key":"bibr37-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20945"},{"key":"bibr38-2515841420984572","first-page":"343","volume":"4","author":"Asproudis I","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr39-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21674"},{"key":"bibr40-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23871"},{"key":"bibr41-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3231-3"},{"key":"bibr42-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2126-1"},{"key":"bibr43-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes186"},{"key":"bibr44-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.03.047"},{"key":"bibr45-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2018.1529800"},{"key":"bibr46-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.173542"},{"key":"bibr47-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.174"},{"key":"bibr48-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1013983"},{"key":"bibr49-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.12.011"},{"key":"bibr50-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00864-8"},{"key":"bibr51-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-14"},{"key":"bibr52-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614160"},{"key":"bibr53-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212089"},{"key":"bibr54-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.04.009"},{"key":"bibr55-2515841420984572","first-page":"1","volume":"2020","author":"Liberman P","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"bibr56-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.06.007"},{"key":"bibr57-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.171006"},{"key":"bibr58-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20404"},{"key":"bibr59-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120583"},{"key":"bibr60-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22214"},{"key":"bibr61-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.203"},{"key":"bibr62-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12348-012-0081-y"},{"key":"bibr63-2515841420984572","first-page":"652","volume":"36","author":"Palmou-Fontana N","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr64-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.08.019"},{"key":"bibr65-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39940"},{"key":"bibr66-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160231"},{"key":"bibr67-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-018-0010-2"},{"key":"bibr68-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160908"},{"key":"bibr69-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20115"},{"key":"bibr70-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1523-6"},{"key":"bibr71-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140410"},{"key":"bibr72-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151389"},{"key":"bibr73-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1605453"},{"key":"bibr74-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04875-w"},{"key":"bibr75-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker107"},{"key":"bibr76-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.031"},{"key":"bibr77-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306790"},{"key":"bibr78-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161336"},{"key":"bibr79-2515841420984572","first-page":"1403","volume":"35","author":"Heinz C","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr80-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2013.815785"},{"key":"bibr81-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.08.021"},{"key":"bibr82-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000562"},{"key":"bibr83-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh658"},{"key":"bibr84-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20904"},{"key":"bibr85-2515841420984572","first-page":"493","volume":"10","author":"De Benedetti F","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr86-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken489"},{"key":"bibr87-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050524"},{"key":"bibr88-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60998-8"},{"key":"bibr89-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990802223129"},{"key":"bibr90-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key225"},{"key":"bibr91-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm1004286"},{"key":"bibr92-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-7-41"},{"key":"bibr93-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.027"},{"key":"bibr94-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1205099"},{"key":"bibr95-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00467"},{"key":"bibr96-2515841420984572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39621"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2515841420984572","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2515841420984572","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2515841420984572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:39:28Z","timestamp":1777595968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2515841420984572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2515841420984572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2515841420984572","relation":{},"ISSN":["2515-8414","2515-8414"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2515-8414","type":"print"},{"value":"2515-8414","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"2515841420984572"}}