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Knowledge of CBS among both the patient and professional populations unfortunately remains poor, and little is known of its underlying pathophysiology. CBS parallels two other better-known conditions that occur as a result of sensory loss: phantom limb syndrome (PLS) (aberrant sensation of the presence of a missing limb) and tinnitus (aberrant sensation of sound). As \u2018phantom\u2019 conditions, CBS, PLS and tinnitus share sensory loss as a precipitating factor, and, as subjective perceptual phenomena, face similar challenges to investigations. Thus far, these conditions have been studied separately from each other. This review aims to bridge the conceptual gap between CBS, PLS and tinnitus and seek common lessons between them. It considers the current knowledge base of CBS and explores the extent to which an understanding of PLS and tinnitus could provide valuable insights into the pathology of CBS (including the roles of cortical reorganisation, emotional and cognitive factors), and towards identifying effective potential management for CBS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414241302065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T08:20:36Z","timestamp":1733473236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The missing pieces: an investigation into the parallels between Charles Bonnet, phantom limb and tinnitus syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwame A.","family":"Baffour-Awuah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8089-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly","family":"Bridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Engward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans and Families Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6486-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C.","family":"MacKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Sports and Sensory Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3544-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. 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