{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:56:01Z","timestamp":1777881361813,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Eye Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Scleritis is a rare, potentially sight-threatening, painful eye disease. Based on its anatomical involvement, it can be categorized as anterior and posterior scleritis. There are several possible causes, among which infectious and noninfectious origins should be considered. From the therapeutic aspect, it is important to clarify the infectious origin, to provide target treatment, or to identify the possible underlying autoimmune disease. Corticosteroid therapy is considered to be the basis for the stepwise treatment of scleritis. In this article, we describe the management of three patients (investigations, stepwise approach of therapy, and treatment difficulties) who developed three different types of scleritis: anterior non-necrotizing scleritis, anterior necrotizing scleritis, and scleromalacia perforans. The differential diagnosis of scleritis and its management after diagnosis pose difficulties in clinical practice. In general, the therapeutic approach is based on the principle of early and individualized treatment, which depends on the nature and severity of the patient\u2019s inflammatory eye disease and the presence or absence of associated systemic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414251356374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T06:28:18Z","timestamp":1755239298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical spectrum and management of anterior scleritis: case reports"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3382-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"\u00d6rd\u00f6gh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Kor\u00e1nyi fasor 10-11, Szeged 6720, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilla","family":"Smeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00f3ra J\u00falia","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolette","family":"Soh\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.60.3.163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2016.1136190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"Lagina A Ramphul K. Scleritis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499944\/ (2023 accessed 26 Jun 2023)."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"577","article-title":"Scleritis and episcleritis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"35","author":"Heron E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heron E, Gutzwiller-Fontaine M, Bourcier T, et al. Scleritis and episcleritis: diagnosis and treatment. Rev Med Interne 2014; 35(9): 577\u2013585.","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00710-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2032_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_168_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.06.002"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"411","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of scleritis: current paradigms and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Beardsley RM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beardsley RM, Suhler EB, Rosenbaum JT, et al. Pharmacotherapy of scleritis: current paradigms and future directions. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 14(4): 411\u2013424.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","article-title":"Management of noninfectious scleritis","volume":"14","author":"Abdel-Aty A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdel-Aty A, Gupta A, Del Priore L, et al. Management of noninfectious scleritis. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2022; 14: 25158414211070879.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Necrotizing scleritis: a review","author":"Dutta Majumder P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dutta Majumder P, Agarwal S, Shah M, et al. Necrotizing scleritis: a review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2018.1544372"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2016.1171713"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2011-130282"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25158414251356374","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/25158414251356374","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25158414251356374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:40:48Z","timestamp":1777596048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/25158414251356374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/25158414251356374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25158414251356374","relation":{},"ISSN":["2515-8414","2515-8414"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2515-8414","type":"print"},{"value":"2515-8414","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"article-number":"25158414251356374"}}