{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:09:58Z","timestamp":1778238598240,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Eye Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dry eye disease (DED) is among the most common complications experienced after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (Femto-LASIK), often affecting visual recovery, as well as patient satisfaction. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) has shown benefits in various ocular surface diseases, but its role in refractive surgery remains underexplored. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of perioperative LLLT in preserving tear film parameters and reducing ocular discomfort symptoms after Femto-LASIK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective multicentric, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled clinical study, adult patients undergoing Femto-LASIK were randomized (1:1) to receive periocular LLLT (633\u2009\u00b1\u200910 nm, 15\u2009min\/session) or sham treatment 7\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009days before and after surgery. Ocular surface evaluation was performed at baseline (T0), and 1\u2009week (T1), 1 month (T2), and 3\u2009months (T3) postoperatively. Outcomes were tear meniscus height (TMH), Schirmer test values, and Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5) scores, noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), and interferometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty eyes of 40 patients (mean age: 34.58\u2009\u00b1\u20095.67\u2009years) were analyzed. In the LLLT group, tear film parameters and subjective symptoms remained stable throughout follow-up, with no statistically significant changes over time. Conversely, the control group showed a significant decline in TMH (0.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u2009mm to 0.20\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), Schirmer test (20.39\u2009\u00b1\u200910.84\u2009mm\/5\u2019 to 15.65\u2009\u00b1\u20099.02\u2009mm\/5\u2019;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022), and a significant worsening in DEQ-5 scores (3.53\u2009\u00b1\u20094.10 to 5.94\u2009\u00b1\u20092.79;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). Between-group comparisons demonstrated in the LLLT group significantly higher TMH at T2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034) and T3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016), higher Schirmer values at T2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048) and T3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018), and lower DEQ-5 scores at T1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041), T2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029), and T3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018). NIBUT and interferometry showed no significant between-group differences at any time point. No treatment-related adverse events were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perioperative LLLT appears to be a safe and well-tolerated adjunctive treatment that may help preserve tear volume and support postoperative comfort after Femto-LASIK. These findings suggest a potential role for LLLT in perioperative refractive surgery care, although further studies are warranted to confirm its clinical benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414261442254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:15:13Z","timestamp":1777972513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perioperative low-level light therapy for ocular surface protection in patients undergoing Femto-LASIK: a prospective double-masked, randomized controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sergio Manuel","family":"Solarino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Vista Eye Clinic, Advanced Ocular Diagnostic and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cannas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4716-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Calabresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0956-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Lixi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Troisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Deiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Vista Eye Clinic, Advanced Ocular Diagnostic and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Schirru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Vista Eye Clinic, Advanced Ocular Diagnostic and Surgery, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assem","family":"Namazbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kazakh Eye Research Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Coco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihaela-Madalina","family":"Timofte-Zorila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Cai Ferate Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Constantin","family":"Branisteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. 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