{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T06:02:30Z","timestamp":1767679350841,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cost-effectiveness of Donepezil in mild to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been widely studied, but research on very mild dementia (VMD) remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective observational study evaluated the efficacy of Donepezil in patients with VMD in two hospitals in southern Taiwan between 2011 and 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 909 VMD patients with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5 and used propensity score matching to create two groups: 352 receiving Donepezil and 352 not. Demographic data, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and healthcare costs were analyzed over 1-year and 3-year periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, Donepezil treatment was associated with lower inpatient, outpatient, and overall healthcare costs. After 1 year, outpatient drug costs increased, while inpatient drug costs decreased, leading to higher overall healthcare drug costs. Over 3 years, outpatient drug continued to rise, while inpatient drug costs remained stable, leading to higher overall healthcare drug costs. Donepezil users had significantly more outpatient visits, but inpatient admissions were unaffected. Patients receiving Donepezil were older and had lower MMSE; male gender, Parkinsonism, chronic lung disease, and liver disease were less common in this group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although Donepezil users initially had lower healthcare costs, overall healthcare drug costs increased in the Donepezil group at both the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups, while inpatient drug costs were only reduced in the short term.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823251356233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T02:09:33Z","timestamp":1751422173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Healthcare related costs associated with donepezil use in patients with very mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: A retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3952-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun-Wung","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Yang","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1918-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan-Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Min","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520400033016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1904"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31819d3797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988704269812"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000446769"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205014666171010112518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S159920"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.4782"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","article-title":"Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2006","author":"Birks J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 2006(1): CD005593.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-0965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","article-title":"Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Birks JS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Birks JS, Harvey RJ. Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 6: CD001190.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","article-title":"Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1","author":"Birks J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Birks J, Harvey RJ. Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 1: CD001190.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11631830-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610207006199"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994, pp.143\u2013147."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/BSA.2018.9050001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190017710524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.12.1852"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8301.2009.00302.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11040054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.4c00357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12573"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.909501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3470-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease: an evidence-based review of its impact on clinical and economic outcomes","volume":"1","author":"Knowles J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Knowles J. Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease: an evidence-based review of its impact on clinical and economic outcomes. Core Evid 2006; 1: 195\u2013219.","journal-title":"Core Evid"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12870"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25424823251356233","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/25424823251356233","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25424823251356233","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:59:14Z","timestamp":1767679154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/25424823251356233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/25424823251356233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25424823251356233","relation":{},"ISSN":["2542-4823","2542-4823"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2542-4823"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2542-4823"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"article-number":"25424823251356233"}}