{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T18:22:19Z","timestamp":1761934939881,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008736","name":"M\u00e4rta Lundqvists Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005423","name":"Akademiska Sjukhuset","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfactory impairment (OI) is an early symptom of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) and COVID-19 infection. Proteinopathies associated with ND include amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2), hyperphosphorylated \u03c4 (HP\u03c4), \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1-syn), and Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43). It is unclear whether COVID-19 infection influences the listed proteinopathies in the olfactory bulb and tract (OB\/OT) aggravating the OI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study proteinopathies associated with ND in the brain and OB\/OT in 32 subjects with COVID-19 infection and 10 age- and gender-matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postmortem brain tissue was assessed for various proteinopathies and the OB\/OT for proteinopathies, inflammatory markers and a marker for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty percent of control and 16% of COVID-19 subjects lacked proteinopathies in their OB\/OT. HP\u03c4 was detected in OB\/OT in 80% of controls and 81% of COVID-19 subjects, A\u03b2 in 30% of controls and 16% of COVID-19 subjects. All controls lacked TDP43 in OB\/OT, 40% displayed TDP43 in their brain. TDP43 was seen in the OB\/OT in 38% of COVID-19 subjects, of whom 42% lacked TDP43 in the brain. Sixty percent of controls displayed \u03b1-syn in OB\/OT and the brain, whereas 34% of COVID-19 subjects displayed \u03b1-syn in the OB\/OT, of whom 36% lacked it in the brain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All proteinopathies associated with ND were detected in OB\/OT in COVID-19 patients whereas TDP43 was lacking in controls. Our results suggest that there might be an association between COVID-19 and TDP43 and \u03b1-syn in the OB\/OT, which may explain the chronic OI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823251386016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T18:18:06Z","timestamp":1761934686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tar DNA binding protein 43, a proteinopathy with preference for olfactory structures in COVID-19 subjects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Libard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Uppsala University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6249-569X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Alafuzoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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