{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:20:19Z","timestamp":1790104819183,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007834","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023J136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Deep cervical lymphovenous anastomosis (DLVA) shows promise for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment, but patient selection criteria remain undefined. Perivascular spaces (PVS) may predict glymphatic enhancement potential<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To investigate whether preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of PVS burden can predict treatment response to DLVA in AD patients and explore potential mechanisms through longitudinal glymphatic function assessment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of 10 AD patients undergoing DLVA. Preoperative T1-weighted MRI quantified PVS volumes using Frangi filtering. Treatment response was assessed at one month using Mini-Mental State Examination\/Montreal Cognitive Assessment improvements \u22652 points.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Total PVS volume demonstrated perfect predictive accuracy for treatment response (AUC\u2009=\u20091.000) with an optimal cut-off of 5150\u2005mm\u00b3 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%). White matter PVS volume also showed strong predictive performance (AUC\u2009=\u20090.875, cut-off 3630\u2005mm\u00b3, sensitivity 75%, specificity 100%). The improved group had significantly higher preoperative PVS volumes (total PVS: p\u2009=\u20090.012, Cohen's d\u2009=\u20092.631; white matter PVS: p\u2009=\u20090.050, Cohen's d\u2009=\u20091.689). Preliminary longitudinal analysis revealed divergent Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (ALPS) index changes: the improved group showed mean increase (+0.0276), while the non-improved group demonstrated decrease (\u22120.0252).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Preoperative PVS burden serves as a powerful predictor of DLVA response, with higher volumes indicating sufficient anatomical reserve for therapeutic benefit. These findings establish PVS volume as clinically actionable biomarkers for precision patient selection in glymphatic-targeted AD interventions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823251387366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T15:56:44Z","timestamp":1760457404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preoperative perivascular space burden predicts treatment response to deep cervical lymphovenous anastomosis in Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"},{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"},{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"},{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Human Microbiology and Precision Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"},{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"},{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoxia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"},{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"},{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Human Microbiology and Precision Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changshun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"},{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4255-9518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binbin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"},{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"},{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"},{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Human Microbiology and Precision Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.255995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01512-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0013-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10122-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3020-14.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01603-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01407-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04736-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18115-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01707-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2025.01108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1021131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-021-02718-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01440-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.580853"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241305480"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44254-024-00066-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60812-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2793"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2024.100045"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25424823251387366","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/25424823251387366","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25424823251387366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T15:56:45Z","timestamp":1760457405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/25424823251387366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/25424823251387366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25424823251387366","relation":{},"ISSN":["2542-4823","2542-4823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2542-4823","type":"print"},{"value":"2542-4823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"article-number":"25424823251387366"}}