{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:47:47Z","timestamp":1789213667792,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines the prevalence and incidence of dementia in Ecuador, with a focus on understanding demographic and social factors associated with increased risk. Data were obtained from the Institute of Neurosciences of Guayaquil, covering patient records from 2010 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose was to identify prevalence trends and key risk factors to inform targeted prevention and early intervention efforts in high-risk groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational, correlational study analyzed patient data to estimate dementia prevalence and incidence. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics to calculate overall and age-specific prevalence rates, while incidence was calculated per 1000 person-years. Correlations and chi-square analyses were used to evaluate associations between dementia and potential risk factors, including age, gender, education level, and marital status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence of dementia was 3.1%, with higher rates among women (1.8%) compared to men (1.3%). Dementia incidence was calculated at 2.4 per 1000 person-years. Prevalence increased significantly with age, from 1.2% in individuals aged 65\u201369 to 54.8% in those aged 95 and older. Advanced age, female gender, lower education levels, and lack of a marital partner were associated with higher dementia prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight a rising dementia prevalence in Ecuador, particularly among women and older individuals, with social and educational factors contributing to increased risk. The results underscore the need for tailored dementia prevention and early intervention strategies, especially as prevalence rates continue to rise across Latin America.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823251396049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T17:56:07Z","timestamp":1763488567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epidemiology of dementia in an Ecuadorian mental health institution"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8037-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alejandro","family":"Valdevila Figueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecotec University"},{"name":"Research network in psychology and psychiatry (GIPSI), Guayaquil, Ecuador"},{"name":"Institute of Neurosciences of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Neurociencia Cl\u00ednica Aplicada (GINCA), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier Rodrigo","family":"Yambay-Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira Dayana","family":"Carvajal Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research network in psychology and psychiatry (GIPSI), Guayaquil, Ecuador"},{"name":"Institute of Neurosciences of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Valdevila Santiestevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research network in psychology and psychiatry (GIPSI), Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Francisco","family":"Altamirano C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Pico Cucal\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research network in psychology and psychiatry (GIPSI), Guayaquil, Ecuador"},{"name":"Institute of Neurosciences of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose A","family":"Rodas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n, Ecuador"},{"name":"School of Psychology, University College Dublin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. ICD-10 Version: 2019 [Internet]. Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization. Section: F00\u2013F09 Organic including symptomatic mental disorders. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en#\/F00-F09 (2019 accessed 5 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos. INEC estima que seg\u00fan proyecciones en el mediano plazo Ecuador tendr\u00e1 m\u00e1s adultos mayores menos ni\u00f1os y adolescentes en 2050. Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos https:\/\/www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec\/ecuador-tendra-mas-adultos-mayores-menos-ninos-y-adolescentes-en-2050\/ (2024 accessed 5 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK. The power to defeat dementia \u2013 Manifesto 2015-2020. Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK https:\/\/www.alzheimersresearchuk.org\/about-us\/our-influence\/policy-work\/reports\/manifesto\/ (2015 accessed 5 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"Ray S Davidson S. Dementia and cognitive decline https:\/\/www.ageuk.org.uk\/siteassets\/documents\/reports-and-publications\/reports-and-briefings\/health\u2013wellbeing\/rb_oct14_cognitive_decline_and_dementia_evidence_review_age_uk.pdf (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"Prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo y demencia en mayores de 65 a\u00f1os en una poblaci\u00f3n Urbana colombiana","volume":"29","author":"D\u00edaz Cabezas R","year":"2013","unstructured":"D\u00edaz Cabezas R, Marulanda Mej\u00eda F, Mart\u00ednez Arias MH. Prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo y demencia en mayores de 65 a\u00f1os en una poblaci\u00f3n Urbana colombiana. Acta Neurol Colomb 2013; 29: 141\u2013151.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Colomb"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05895-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud. Demencia https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia (2025 accessed 5 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37387\/ipc.v6i2.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Biomarcadores en la enfermedad de Alzheimer","volume":"2","author":"Janeiro MH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Janeiro MH, Ardanaz CG, Sola-Sevilla N, et al. Biomarcadores en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Adv Lab Med Av En Med Lab 2021; 2: 39\u201350.","journal-title":"Adv Lab Med Av En Med Lab"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03066-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Prince M Guerchet M Prina M. The Epidemiology and Impact of Dementia - Current State and Future Trends. WHO Thematic Briefing https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03517019 (2015 accessed 5 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004897"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30235-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Comas-Herrera A Guerchet M Karagiannidou M et al. World Alzheimer Report 2016: Improving healthcare for people living with dementia: Coverage quality and costs now and in the future https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/resource\/world-alzheimer-report-2016\/ (2016 accessed 5 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos. Home \u2013 Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos https:\/\/www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec\/institucional\/home\/ (2024 accessed 5 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2014.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.04.1039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610209009430"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00360-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos. Base de Datos-Censo de Poblaci\u00f3n y Vivienda 2010 \u2013 a nivel de manzana. Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos https:\/\/www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec\/base-de-datos-censo-de-poblacion-y-vivienda-2010-a-nivel-de-manzana\/ (2010 accessed 6 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud. Demencia - OPS\/OMS | Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud https:\/\/www.paho.org\/es\/temas\/demencia (2024 accessed 6 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00275-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11111647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-020122-041854"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004897"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1432848"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70136-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14110822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15381\/anales.v69i4.1110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in a Havana municipality: a community-based study among elderly residents","volume":"11","author":"Llibre JdJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Llibre JdJ, Fern\u00e1ndez Y, Marcheco B, et al. Prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in a Havana municipality: a community-based study among elderly residents. MEDICC Rev 2009; 11: 29\u201335.","journal-title":"MEDICC Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","first-page":"694","article-title":"Prevalencia del s\u00edndrome demencial y la enfermedad de Alzheimer en pacientes del policl\u00ednico \u2018Pedro Fonseca\u2019","volume":"28","author":"Sotolongo Arr\u00f3 O","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sotolongo Arr\u00f3 O, Rodr\u00edguez Blanco L. Prevalencia del s\u00edndrome demencial y la enfermedad de Alzheimer en pacientes del policl\u00ednico \u2018Pedro Fonseca\u2019. Rev Cuba Med Gen Integral 2012; 28: 694\u2013702.","journal-title":"Rev Cuba Med Gen Integral"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","first-page":"154","article-title":"Deterioro cognitivo en la poblaci\u00f3n mayor de 65 a\u00f1os que reside en el \u00e1rea metropolitana de Monterrey, M\u00e9xico","volume":"10","author":"De la Cruz ME","year":"2008","unstructured":"De la Cruz ME. Deterioro cognitivo en la poblaci\u00f3n mayor de 65 a\u00f1os que reside en el \u00e1rea metropolitana de Monterrey, M\u00e9xico. Med Univ 2008; 10: 154\u2013158.","journal-title":"Med Univ"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25424823251396049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/25424823251396049","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25424823251396049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T17:56:09Z","timestamp":1763488569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/25424823251396049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/25424823251396049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25424823251396049","relation":{},"ISSN":["2542-4823","2542-4823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2542-4823","type":"print"},{"value":"2542-4823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"article-number":"25424823251396049"}}