{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:35:20Z","timestamp":1770273320790,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An epidemiological association has been observed between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, salivary and blood assays often show low specificity. Periodontal tissues and fluids, which are routinely removed and discarded during periodontal treatment, may be collected to offer matrices useful for the early detection of AD. This study aimed to map current preclinical and clinical evidence on biomarkers measured in periodontal tissues and fluids for the early detection of AD and organize them within an AD-specificity pyramid anchored to brain-relevant endpoints. Following PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses\u2013Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidance, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 1, 2015\u2013August 31, 2025) for preclinical and clinical studies measuring AD-relevant biomarkers in periodontal matrices. The protocol was pre-registered (OSF DOI: 10.17605\/OSF.IO\/EDVU9; August 20, 2025). Two reviewers extracted the data, and other two independently verified them. The findings were organized using a four-tier AD-specificity pyramid. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The biomarkers from the included studies were clustered into microbiome features, molecular signals, and genetic\/transcriptomic findings. Evidence ranged from Tier-1 contextual inflammation\/pathogens to Tier-4 core-pathology adjacency; five studies incorporated clinical\/biological anchoring, with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-\u03b2 positivity providing the most brain-relevant anchor. Periodontal matrices are practicable, high-signal sources for AD-relevant biomarkers. However, translational validation linking periodontal biomarkers to brain endpoints is needed to assess the feasibility of multi-tier and chairside panels for early AD detection as part of routine periodontal care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823261421629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:50:43Z","timestamp":1770227443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From routine periodontal therapy to Alzheimer's disease early detection: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1508-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Lansheng Neurology Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1353-3669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengjia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","article-title":"2025 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","volume":"21","author":"Alzheimer's Association","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Association. 2025 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2025; 21: e70235.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13769"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"224","article-title":"Delivering better oral health 2021\u2013what\u2019s new and where next?","volume":"38","author":"Godson J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Godson J, Gallagher J. 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Nonsurgical periodontal therapy reduces salivary and gingival crevicular fluid YKL-40 and IL-6 levels in chronic periodontitis. Oral Health Prev Dent 2020; 18: 815\u2013822.","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2681-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2024.109941"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02678-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"498","article-title":"Gingival crevicular fluid as biomarker\u2019s source for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Sansores-Espa\u00f1a LD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sansores-Espa\u00f1a LD, Morales F, Arriola-Pacheco F, et al. Gingival crevicular fluid as biomarker\u2019s source for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. 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