{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T13:12:11Z","timestamp":1778159531702,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2022YFC3501404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501404"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82271452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between serum thyroid function indicators and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, as well as their diagnostic value in dementia differentiation, remains poorly understood in individuals without overt thyroid dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of thyroid hormones in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      225 participants including controls and Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), and 322 participants including controls, ADD and other neurodegenerative dementia (NonADD), were selected from cohort 1 and 2, respectively. CSF biomarkers (A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , pTau181, tTau) and thyroid function indicators including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and other related parameters, were measured. Statistical analyses assess predictive performance and correlations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In both cohorts, ADD patients exhibited significantly lower levels of FT3, FT4, TT3, and TT4 compared to CN and NonADD groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). ROC analyses demonstrated moderate diagnostic performance: serum thyroid hormones reached 0.763\u20130.856. Combined models integrating AD CSF biomarkers, thyroid hormones, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype significantly improved classification (AUCs 0.906\u20130.952). Notably, across all participants, serum thyroid hormone levels correlated positively with A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and negatively with tau pathology (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), suggesting a link between thyroid hormone level and AD-related neurodegeneration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate that AD patients exhibit distinct reductions in thyroid hormones (FT3\/FT4\/TT3\/TT4) that correlate strongly with hallmark AD CSF biomarkers and the integration of thyroid indicators with CSF biomarkers significantly improves dementia subtype differentiation, supporting their potential as complementary diagnostic tools in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823261448583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T12:24:48Z","timestamp":1778156688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of thyroid hormones in Alzheimer's disease: Associations with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and diagnostic performance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yazhen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meina","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 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