{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:54:47Z","timestamp":1781855687134,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasing public health concern, especially among adults over age 40 in rural regions, where chronic conditions are prevalent and healthcare resources are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the impact of aging and body mass index (BMI) on self-reported cognitive impairment, while controlling for covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from hospital visits in Parmer and Cochran counties, using Pearson's chi-squared test, two sample proportions, and binary and multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Due to varying social involvement, individuals lacking social activities but becoming engaged at baseline experienced slower cognitive decline over time. Individuals aged 70 and above in Cochran and Parmer Counties had higher odds of cognitive impairment compared to those aged 40\u201349, with these associations remaining significant after adjusting for covariates (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Cochran County data showed that participants aged 60\u201369 who are overweight had much lower odds of cognitive impairment than those aged 40\u201349 with a normal BMI, after adjusting for anxiety, depression, and memory loss (OR = 0.2, CI: 0.1\u20130.8, p\u2009=\u20090.026). Similarly, in Parmer County, individuals aged 60\u201369 who are obese also had reduced odds compared to younger adults with a normal BMI (OR = 0.2, CI: 0.1\u20130.8,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aging remains associated with self-reported cognitive impairment, even after adjusting for risk factors, highlighting need for targeted interventions for elderly populations. Lower odds among overweight and obese seniors suggest a complex relationship between higher BMI and cognitive impairment in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823261460418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:46:38Z","timestamp":1781855198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of aging and body mass index on self-reported cognitive impairment among West Texas adults: Implications for better lifestyle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4324-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamourdia","family":"Dayamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aamrin","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4032-493X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Effat W.","family":"Nizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monroe University, King Graduate School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0672-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8120398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3740461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Association. Public Health Action in Texas. https:\/\/www.alz.org\/professionals\/public-health\/state-overview\/texas (accessed July 27 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Langa KM. Cognitive aging dementia and the future of an aging population. In: Majmundar MK and Hayward MD (eds) Future Directions for the Demography of Aging: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington DC: National Academies Press 2018 pp.249\u2013268."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ageing and health. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health (2025 accessed July 27 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2019-002335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Texas Department of State Health Services. Heart Disease and Stroke. https:\/\/www.dshs.texas.gov\/heart-disease-stroke (accessed July 27 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. The burden of diabetes in Texas. https:\/\/www.dshs.texas.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/legislative\/2023-Reports\/Texas_Diabetes_Council_2023_State_Plan_to_Prevent%20and_Treat_Diabetes_and_Obesity_Report.pdf (2023 accessed July 27 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Million Hearts. Estimated hypertension prevalence treatment and control among U.S. adults. https:\/\/millionhearts.hhs.gov\/data-reports\/hypertension-prevalence.html (2023 accessed July 27 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1213223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01358-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. Project FRONTIER. https:\/\/www.ttuhsc.edu\/centers-institutes\/garrison-aging\/project-frontier.aspx (accessed July 27 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. 2018\u20132022 American Community Survey 5-year data profile. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/acs\/www\/data\/data-tables-and-tools\/data-profiles\/ (accessed November 13 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"US News. How healthy is Parmer County Texas? https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/healthiest-communities\/texas\/parmer-county (accessed November 13 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"US News. How healthy is Cochran County Texas? Available from: https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/healthiest-communities\/texas\/cochran-county (accessed November 13 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"G*Power 3.1. https:\/\/g-power.software.informer.com\/3.1\/ (accessed July 27 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"IBM Corp. 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