{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:23Z","timestamp":1792787723678,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011096","name":"Philippine Council for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rrczv41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly explored as a novel non-pharmacologic approach to manage Alzheimer's disease, particularly the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This phase 1 study aimed to develop an immersive gamification technology system (ImGTS) for the local context and describe its safety, acceptability, and usability among healthy adults prior to clinical deployment in patients with dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ImGTS was tested on 30 healthy adults using a head-mounted display (HMD; n\u2009=\u200915) or a semi-cave automatic virtual environment (semi-CAVE; n\u2009=\u200915) across four testing sessions. Both qualitative and quantitative questionnaires were administered, with data analyzed through thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Measures included sense of place, usability, and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants in both setups reported low VR sickness incidence (four out of 15 participants for both) with decreasing VR sickness questionnaire (VRSQ) scores across sessions (1.50\u2009\u00b1\u20093.96 to 0 for HMD and 0.78\u2009\u00b1\u20091.62 to 0 for semi-CAVE). Only mild, mostly oculomotor\/disorientation symptoms and slight, transient general discomfort were observed in a minority of participants, using the HMD and semi-CAVE, respectively. Participants also articulated predominantly positive subjective descriptions, with reports of nostalgia and use of strong affective word choices. All participants completed key tasks with little difficulty. The three main activities received \u201cneutral to positive\u201d satisfaction ratings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, our findings indicate that both the HMD and semi-CAVE setups were safe, acceptable, and usable by healthy adult participants. These foundational results support the implementation of phase 2 trials to establish clinical efficacy and tolerability directly within the target population of older individuals living with dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial ID<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT05265182<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823261476614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:01:26Z","timestamp":1789657286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Safety, acceptability, and usability of an immersive gamification technology system for use in patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (phase 1 trial)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1241-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veeda Michelle M.","family":"Anlacan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5317-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland Dominic G.","family":"Jamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9327-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo Cedric F.","family":"Panganiban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"University of the Philippines Diliman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4943-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan Andrei C.","family":"Galecio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"De La Salle - College of Saint Benilde"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0113-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L.","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4034-4655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eliza R.","family":"Aguila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8141-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben Anthony A.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2849-8683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Alfredo K.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4471-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Raphael M.","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9314-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel Teresa O.","family":"Salido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0766-0189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherica A.","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime D. L.","family":"Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Philippines Manila"},{"name":"University of the Philippines Diliman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust. Guidelines for the management of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) (revised by Alexandra Moon) https:\/\/www.oxfordhealthformulary.nhs.uk\/docs\/OHFT%20BPSD%20Guideline%20May%202019.pdf (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06073-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95051-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-201002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121951"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"A succinct overview of virtual reality technology use in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Garcia-Betances RI","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garcia-Betances RI, Arredondo Waldmeyer MT, Fico G, et al. A succinct overview of virtual reality technology use in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7: 80.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"557","article-title":"Is it possible to use highly realistic virtual reality in the elderly? A feasibility study with image-based rendering","volume":"11","author":"Benoit M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benoit M, Guerchouche R, Petit PD, et al. Is it possible to use highly realistic virtual reality in the elderly? A feasibility study with image-based rendering. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11: 557\u2013563.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0115672050367594250206103806"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","article-title":"Virtual reality interventions for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Yang Q","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Q, Zhang L, Chang F, et al. Virtual reality interventions for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27: e59195.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20556683211053952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02125-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909120901525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Virtual reality in the care of people with dementia: a single-case research study","volume":"1","author":"Gusdal AK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gusdal AK, Gustafsson C. Virtual reality in the care of people with dementia: a single-case research study. J Patient Care Serv 2020; 1: 4\u201331.","journal-title":"J Patient Care Serv"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of virtual reality on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and quality of life of inpatients with dementia in acute care: randomized controlled trial (VRCT)","volume":"26","author":"Appel L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Appel L, Appel E, Kisonas E, et al. Evaluating the impact of virtual reality on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and quality of life of inpatients with dementia in acute care: randomized controlled trial (VRCT). J Med Internet Re 2024; 26: e51758.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Re"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Adaptation of the Montreal cognitive assessment for elderly Filipino patients","volume":"23","author":"Dominguez JC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dominguez JC, Orquiza MG, Soriano JR, et al. Adaptation of the Montreal cognitive assessment for elderly Filipino patients. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2013; 23: 80\u201385.","journal-title":"East Asian Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-67088-6_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0011686900003414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-44146-2_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Novel & intelligent digital systems: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference (NiDS 2022)","author":"Anlacan VMM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anlacan VMM, Jamora RDG, Panganiban ACF, et al. Application design for a virtual reality therapy game for patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. In: Krouska A, Troussas C, Caro J (eds) Novel & intelligent digital systems: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference (NiDS 2022). Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 556. Springer Cham, 2022, pp.149\u2013160."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","first-page":"170","volume-title":"Novel & intelligent digital systems","author":"Aguila MER","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aguila MER, Tee CA, Boque JCR, et al. Application design of a virtual reality therapy game for patients with cerebral palsy. In: Krouska A, Troussas C, Caro J (eds) Novel & intelligent digital systems. Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp.170\u2013180."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-73344-4_40"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.15.6.668"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VRAIS.1995.512478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill S McCall R Smyth M et al. Probing the sense of place. Seventh Annual International Workshop: Presence 2004 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2018.0128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-020-00440-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92037-5_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/513867.513894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260802285214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Phase 1 clinical trial for intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and placenta in patients with moderate COVID-19 virus pneumonia: results of stage 1 of the study","volume":"11","author":"Sharma A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma A, Kulkarni R, Sane H, et al. Phase 1 clinical trial for intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and placenta in patients with moderate COVID-19 virus pneumonia: results of stage 1 of the study. Am J Stem Cells 2022; 11: 37\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Stem Cells"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774512469311"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25424823261476614","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/25424823261476614","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25424823261476614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:01:30Z","timestamp":1789657290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/25424823261476614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/25424823261476614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25424823261476614","relation":{},"ISSN":["2542-4823","2542-4823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2542-4823","type":"print"},{"value":"2542-4823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"article-number":"25424823261476614"}}