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This reference was projected onto AD cohorts GSE5281, GSE132903, and GSE48350. EpilepsyScore was calculated as ssGSEA_Up minus ssGSEA_Down. In GSE5281, primary inference was restricted to region-stratified analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Region-stratified analyses showed lower EpilepsyScore values across several AD-relevant regions, with the clearest separation in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Within MTG, continuous module-level associations with synaptic and glia-associated programs were directionally consistent but not statistically significant. Median-based grouping was used only for exploratory visualization and pathway-level contrast. External cohorts showed directionally concordant but context-dependent support. Matched random-signature benchmarks were not significant, indicating that EpilepsyScore should not be interpreted as an epilepsy-specific molecular signature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a hypothesis-generating cross-disease projection framework for exploring region-sensitive transcriptomic organization in AD. Future cell-type, spatial, and mechanistic evaluation is required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823261483598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:34:00Z","timestamp":1787844840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory epilepsy-derived transcriptomic projection reveals region-sensitive molecular remodeling in Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9762-9053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nannan","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Examination Center, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Examination Center, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengchun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Examination Center, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5727-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuping","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Examination Center, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13133879"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02024-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03332-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00757-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00823-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02054-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07606-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(01)00316-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioadv\/vbae159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00242.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-3-r25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-2-r29"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2435-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The gene ontology resource: 20 years and still going strong. 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