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The BioBank Alzheimer Center Limburg (BBACL) study is an ongoing prospective cohort, including consecutive patients from the memory clinic of the Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Center+, the Netherlands. It aims to investigate the natural course of cognitive complaints and identify early clinical and biological determinants of disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the BBACL study design and procedures and present the baseline characteristics of the currently included participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergo standardized assessment, including demographics, comorbidities, cognitive and functional assessments, neuropsychiatric symptoms, MRI cerebrum, and biomaterials [blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (subset)]. Additional blood and CSF samples are stored for future biomarkers research. Follow-up is scheduled at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since its start in 2009, 920 patients have been included at baseline. The mean baseline age was 68.4 (SD 11.3) years, with 41.6% being females. The mean Mini-Mental State Examination score was 27.0 (SD 2.6). At baseline, 39.6% had subjective cognitive decline, 40.0% mild cognitive impairment, and 20.4% dementia (58.0% probable\/possible AD and 19.7% mixed AD\/vascular dementia), reflecting the study's emphasis on early diagnostics. Cognitive, functional, and biomarker measures varied across diagnostic groups as expected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BBACL combines extensive biospecimens with rich multimodal phenotyping and longitudinal follow-up, creating opportunities for future integrative analyses and omics-based analyses to uncover novel biological signatures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823261496546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:44:09Z","timestamp":1791459849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biobank Alzheimer Center Limburg study: A multimodal longitudinal dementia biobank"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4747-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inez H.G.B.","family":"Ramakers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie C.P.","family":"Banning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willemijn J.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieke","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8663-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ron L.H.","family":"Handels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2398-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter Jelle","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.B.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Aalten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans R.J.","family":"Verhey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Global status report on the public health response to dementia","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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