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Here, we demonstrate CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in the cane toad (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhinella marina<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), one of Australia\u2019s most notorious invasive species, by targeting the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tyrosinase<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene to produce albino phenotypes as visual markers for assessing editing efficiency. Microinjection of Cas9 protein and guide RNAs into one-cell zygotes resulted in 87.6% of mosaic larvae displaying nearly complete albinism, with 2.3% exhibiting complete albinism. For completely albino individuals, genomic analysis confirmed predominantly frameshift mutations or large deletions at the target site, with no wild-type alleles detected. Germline transmission rates reflected the extent of albinism in the mosaic adult, with maternal transmission approaching 100%. This first application of CRISPR-Cas9 in the Bufonidae family opens possibilities for exploring basic research questions and population control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/25731599251382427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T11:57:40Z","timestamp":1758887860000},"page":"321-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of the Cane Toad (\n                    <i>Rhinella marina<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie 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