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Nanoengineered electrodes translate biomolecules and ions into robust electrochemical signals for both laboratory workflows and point-of-care testing. The translational aim is to integrate electrochemical sensing into coherent, physiology-grounded readouts that resolve tumor ion channel dysfunction, membrane depolarization, pericellular acidification, and redox imbalance. Realizing this vision now depends on practical engineering and clinical integration. To advance this ongoing development, researchers are building stable, disposable, portable, and miniaturized electrochemical platforms that couple detection with microfluidics to enrich tumor cells, vesicles, and bio ionic markers for multiplexed cancer measurements. The integration of wearable and implantable systems with machine learning and patient-specific digital twins will enable real-time maps of tumor electrophysiology and model-driven forecasts of treatment response. 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