{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T14:30:10Z","timestamp":1786804210329,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2T32DK007732-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2T32DK007732-26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis is the most used federally controlled substance in the United States. Given the increasingly widespread use of cannabis, further examination of its health implications is needed. We evaluated the association of cannabis use and longitudinal kidney outcomes among a cohort of adults living in Baltimore, MD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used data from healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span study. Baseline cannabis use (obtained between 2004 and 2009) was categorized as never tried, tried, never used regularly (irregular use), regular use &gt;6 months prior (former regular use), and regular use within the past 6 months (current regular use). The primary outcome was incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL\/min\/1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      at follow-up (2013\u20132017). Risk of rapid kidney function decline (decline in eGFR of &gt;3 mL\/min per 1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      per year) and incident albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] \u2265 30 mg\/g) were also assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of cannabis use with kidney outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1,521 participants, the mean age was 48 years, 58% were female, and 58% were of Black race. Participants with current regular cannabis use were more likely to be younger, male, Black, and to concurrently use cigarettes, opiates, and\/or cocaine. Compared with those with no history of cannabis use, participants with current regular cannabis use were not at higher risk of incident CKD (OR: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.37\u20131.68]), rapid kidney function decline (OR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.43\u20131.49), or incident albuminuria (OR: 0.84 [95% CI: 0.38\u20131.87]) after adjustment for sociodemographics, health factors, and concurrent use of cigarette, opiate, or cocaine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this Baltimore-based cohort of adults without CKD, there was no independent association between cannabis use and adverse kidney outcomes over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25785125251363813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T16:01:41Z","timestamp":1759248101000},"page":"377-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating the Association of Cannabis Use and Longitudinal Kidney Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5380-1440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flor","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingfen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan B.","family":"Zonderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele K.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deidra C.","family":"Crews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP24-07-021 NSDUH Series H-59). Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/report\/2023-nsduh-annual-national-report [Last accessed: January1 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cannabis and Public Health. State Medical Cannabis Laws. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cannabis\/about\/state-medical-cannabis-laws.html#:\u223c:text=As%20of%20February%202024%2C%2047 medical%20purposes%20through%20comprehensive%20programs [Last accessed: January3 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","volume-title":"2024 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States","author":"United States Renal Data System","year":"2024","unstructured":"United States Renal Data System. 2024 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Bethesda, MD; 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/365061a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mnh.0000000000000590"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Expression of cannabinoid receptors in human kidney","volume":"25","author":"Larrinaga G","year":"2010","unstructured":"Larrinaga G, , Varona A, , P\u00e9rez I, et al. Expression of cannabinoid receptors in human kidney. Histol Histopathol, 2010; 25(9):1133\u20131138; doi: 10.14670\/hh-25.1133","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419901111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1336"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14570"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14849"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/maj.0000000000000352"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1809"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2021.0127"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452348"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(85)90054-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.26845"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.870278"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","first-page":"267","article-title":"Healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span (HANDLS): overcoming barriers to implementing a longitudinal, epidemiologic, urban study of health, race, and socioeconomic status","volume":"20","author":"Evans MK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Evans MK, , Lepkowski JM, , Powe NR, et al. 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