{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T03:11:32Z","timestamp":1785726692952,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study reports an adaptive experience of pigmented scar treatment management with different characteristics. It is complicated to define a single solution for all the patients. For this reason, we report a multi-modal approach combining CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser, Q-switched lasers (QSL), and dye laser to adapt to every different patient clinical situation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty patients were enrolled to treat pigmented scars. Twenty patients presented scars with exogenous pigment (such as traumatic tattoos) and 10 with endogenous pigment (hyperpigmentation cases). A combination of CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser, QSL, and dye laser was used. The number of treatment sessions performed for each laser, or their combination was as follow: For keloid scars from tattoo: 1\u20134 combined treatment sessions with QS and dye lasers; 3\u20134 combined treatment sessions with dye and CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser;1\u20134 treatment sessions with QS followed by dye laser; for asphalt traumatic tattoo: 2\u20133 treatment sessions with QS; for surgical hypertrophic scars: 2\u20133 combined treatment sessions of QS and CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser; for burn scars (due to asphalt contact) and hyperpigmentation: one treatment session with QS followed by CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser. Six months after the final treatment, the patient\u2019s scar improvement was evaluated compared with baseline (T0) using a five-point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regardless of the type of lesion and treatment, the whole population of the study showed satisfactory clinical results. The GAIS mean value was 3.3 \u00b1 0.6. Specifically, 47% of the patients reported good results while 43% had excellent ones. No serious side effects were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results suggest that a combination of CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , dye, and Nd:YAG lasers is a feasible strategy for treating scars, reducing the pigmentary, fibrotic, and vascular components.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25785478251384815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T16:43:22Z","timestamp":1768841002000},"page":"600-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi-Modal Laser Combination Therapy of Pigmented Scars: A Case Series of 30 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Domenico","family":"Piccolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Novea Skin Center - Dermo Aesthetic Laser Centers, Avezzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice Marina","family":"Pennati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"El.En. Group, Calenzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"El.En. Group, Calenzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziano","family":"Zingoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"El.En. Group, Calenzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Campolmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_1086_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2020.4876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2020.79"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05272.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14418"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1943387520902893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02187.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2023-0194"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.0260111057.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2014.956669"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.924583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(68)90090-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11209712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23163"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2019.1605451"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2008.00394.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14764170701708263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojac056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-022-03658-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11167478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"Menke H Kopp R Ziesing S et al. S2k-Leitlinie Behandlung thermischer Verletzungen des Erwachsenen. 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/uploads\/tx_szleitlinien\/044-001l_S2k_Behandlung-thermischer-Verletzungen-des-Erwachsenen_2021-07.pdf"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"1355","article-title":"Lasers for scars: A review and evidence-based appraisal This is an updated review article discussing scar treatment with lasers with an evidence-based approach","volume":"9","author":"Elsaie ML","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elsaie ML, , Choudhary S. Lasers for scars: A review and evidence-based appraisal This is an updated review article discussing scar treatment with lasers with an evidence-based approach. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD, 2010; 9(11):1355\u20131362.","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03104.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000363486.94352.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.01.040"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","first-page":"152","article-title":"Effect of pulse width of a 595-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser on the treatment response of keloidal and hypertrophic sternotomy scars","volume":"33","author":"Manuskiatti W","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manuskiatti W, , Wanitphakdeedecha R, , Fitzpatrick RE. Effect of pulse width of a 595-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser on the treatment response of keloidal and hypertrophic sternotomy scars. Dermatol Surg, 2007; 33(2):152\u2013161.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Laser treatment of scars","volume":"9","author":"Tanzi EL","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tanzi EL, , Alster TS. Laser treatment of scars. Skin Therapy Lett, 2004; 9(1):4\u20137.","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-006-0253-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Treatment of burn scar using a carbon dioxide fractional laser","volume":"9","author":"Cho SB","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cho SB, , Lee SJ, , Chung WS, et al. Treatment of burn scar using a carbon dioxide fractional laser. J Drugs Dermatol, 2010; 9(2):173\u2013175.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198309000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","first-page":"714","article-title":"Treatment of pigmented hypertrophic scars with the 585nm pulsed dye and the 532nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser in the Q-switchedand variable pulse modes: A comparative study","volume":"28","author":"Bowes LE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bowes LE, , Nouri K, , Berman B, et al. Treatment of pigmented hypertrophic scars with the 585nm pulsed dye and the 532nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser in the Q-switchedand variable pulse modes: A comparative study. Dermatol Surg, 2002; 28:714\u2013719.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14879"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12277339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1344081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.07.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(96)80068-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00280-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199811000-00060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-012-0009-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/acr-24-130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1998.tb00003.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006983"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","first-page":"550","article-title":"Update on the treatment of scars","volume":"18","author":"Noelani G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noelani G, , Goldberg DJ. Update on the treatment of scars. J Drugs Dermatol, 2019; 18(6):550\u2013555.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1654071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojae060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11060221"}],"container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25785478251384815","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/25785478251384815","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/25785478251384815","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:45:24Z","timestamp":1777596324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/25785478251384815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/25785478251384815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25785478251384815","relation":{},"ISSN":["2578-5478","2578-5478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2578-5478","type":"print"},{"value":"2578-5478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}