{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:02:44Z","timestamp":1785884564663,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP) have a bidirectional association; scaling and root planing (SRP) alone has limited efficacy in their comorbidity, with controversial photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) adjunctive efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify PBMT + SRP\u2019s effects on periodontal [probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL)], glycemic [fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)], and inflammatory [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1)] indices in patients with T2DM + CP and explore heterogeneity (PBMT parameters, study region) for clinical optimization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA 2020, we searched six databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, etc.) from inception to August 24, 2025, for PBMT-adjuvanted SRP randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Bias was assessed via RoB 2.0, meta-analysis via RevMan 5.4, with preset subgroup analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six RCTs (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 319) were included. At 3 months of follow-up, PBMT + SRP significantly improved key periodontal indices (PD: MD = \u22120.87 mm, 95% CI: [\u22121.00, \u22120.74]; CAL: MD = \u22120.47 mm, 95% CI: [\u22120.65, \u22120.29]; both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.00001), glycemic control (FPG: MD = \u22120.79 mmol\/L, 95% CI: [\u22121.41, \u22120.17],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01), and systemic inflammation (hs-CRP: MD = \u22120.99 mg\/L, 95% CI: [\u22121.12, \u22120.86]; TNF-\u03b1: MD = \u22122.78 pg\/mL, 95% CI: [\u22123.17, \u22122.39]; both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.00001) versus SRP alone. HbA1c showed borderline significant reduction (MD = \u22120.81%, 95% CI: = [\u22121.62, \u22120.01],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05). Subgroup analyses suggested 808\/810 nm + 0.8\u20131.5 W as potentially optimal PBMT parameters, though high-power efficacy relied on one small-sample study (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 40). Notable limitations included high inter-study heterogeneity (most\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 90%) and maximum 6-month follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PBMT adjunctive to SRP significantly improves periodontal indices (PD, CAL), FPG, and hs-CRP in patients with T2DM and CP, with borderline HbA1c reduction and good safety. Subgroup analyses identify 808\/810 nm + 0.8\u20131.5 W as potentially optimal PBMT parameters, though high-power efficacy relies on one small-sample study. Given high inter-study heterogeneity (most\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 90%) and short follow-up (maximum 6 months), conclusions require validation by standardized, large-sample, long-term, high-quality RCTs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25785478251406000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T10:13:21Z","timestamp":1770632001000},"page":"61-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Photobiomodulation Therapy as Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Mingkang","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12839"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108244"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27383"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1292596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518755697"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45388"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2025.116908"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32607\/20758251-2019-11-4-79-87"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345231181539"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-024-03987-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12616"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105212"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2016.4117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06289-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2675-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05933-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12328"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-023-03782-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03208-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-04873-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","volume-title":"Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia: report of a WHO\/IDF consultation","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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