{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:04:34Z","timestamp":1785546274462,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Cultivation Project of Leading Talents in Philosophy and Social Sciences in Zhejiang Province","award":["23YJRC15ZD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJRC15ZD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been proposed as an adjunct to resistance training to enhance strength adaptations; however, findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remain inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate whether adjunctive PBM improves maximal strength gains when combined with periodized resistance training in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RCTs were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PEDro, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI from inception to January 2026. Eligible studies examined PBM delivered via low-level laser therapy or light-emitting diodes in combination with resistance training or other strength-oriented loading tasks. Prespecified meta-analyses were restricted to trials combining PBM with periodized resistance training that reported one-repetition maximum (1RM) outcomes; other studies were included in a narrative synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven RCTs (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 456) were included. Five trials (PBM plus resistance training:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 74; control:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 72) met the criteria for meta-analysis. PBM combined with resistance training did not significantly improve maximal muscle strength compared with sham PBM (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI \u22120.08 to 0.59;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.14;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 4%). Subgroup analyses showed a nonsignificant trend favoring PBM for unilateral 1RM, with no effect for bilateral outcomes and no significant subgroup differences. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the unilateral effect was dependent on individual studies. In nonresistance training contexts, some studies reported potential benefits for fatigue-, recovery-, or function-related outcomes, particularly in frail or critically ill older adults, although findings were inconsistent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current evidence does not demonstrate a clear additional benefit of PBM on maximal strength when combined with resistance training in older adults, although a small effect cannot be excluded. PBM may have selective value in improving recovery-related outcomes and supporting training tolerance in vulnerable populations. Larger, well-designed RCTs are needed to clarify its role.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25785478261469320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:37:32Z","timestamp":1784540252000},"page":"557-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photobiomodulation as an Adjunct to Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8574-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxiu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wichai","family":"Eungpinichpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand."},{"name":"Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Division of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somkiat","family":"Asawaphureekorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuttaset","family":"Manimmanakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University of Media and Communications, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Technology, Jixi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.50241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231214650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4429-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0878-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2022-0170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","article-title":"Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR)","volume":"100401","author":"Izquierdo M","year":"2025","unstructured":"11.Izquierdo M, et al. Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR). 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