{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:03:08Z","timestamp":1785546188746,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Degenerative musculoskeletal disorders involve progressive mechanical dysfunction and accelerated functional aging. Conventional measures fail to capture multidimensional recovery. We developed a Composite Mechanical Dysfunction Index (CMDI) combining functional, gait, asymmetry, mobility, strength, and anthropometric metrics to quantify global impairment and a Composite Multidomain Improvement Index (CMII) to quantify treatment-related recovery. We evaluated whether photobiomodulation therapy plus structured rehabilitation (PBMT + SR) improves CMII and influences functional aging metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a prospective controlled cohort study, 216 participants with radiographically confirmed degenerative musculoskeletal disorders received PBMT + SR (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 108) or standard care (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 108) for 16 weeks. Mechanical function was assessed across six domains (WOMAC, gait, asymmetry, mobility, strength, anthropometrics) and combined into the CMII. Functional aging was evaluated using a performance-based regression model derived from controls. A limitation is that single-therapy groups (PBMT alone, rehabilitation alone) were not included.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PBMT + SR was associated with significantly greater multidomain improvement versus controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). The intervention group achieved a CMII of 2.01 (\u0394CMII = 1.73 between groups). Improvements spanned pain, gait, and neuromuscular symmetry domains. CMII changes correlated with functional performance-based age estimates, indicating an estimated \u223c3-year favorable shift in functional age alignment relative to controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PBMT combined with SR was associated with substantial multidomain improvements in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders, captured by the CMII. These improvements correlated with favorable shifts in functional aging metrics. However, the absence of single-therapy arms limits causal inferences, and randomized trials are needed to isolate the effects of PBMT versus rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25785478261471039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:40:37Z","timestamp":1784540437000},"page":"531-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photobiomodulation with Structured Rehabilitation Improves Mechanical Function and Functional Aging in Degenerative Musculoskeletal Disease: A Controlled Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8678-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apurba K.","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nano Phyto Care Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata, India."},{"name":"Techno India University, Kolkata, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudip K.","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India."},{"name":"West Bengal Academy of Science &amp; Technology, Kolkata, India."},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Techno India University, Kolkata, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya Sagar","family":"GV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, RGUHS, Bangalore, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh K.","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American College of Cardiology (FACC), Somerset, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anondeep","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nano Phyto Care Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata, India."},{"name":"Digital Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216515"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9040404"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2021.0126"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031142"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68826-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-022-03670-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201600176"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02870-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2021.0085"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1923"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp098"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4467"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12173"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40490"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02770-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_1","first-page":"1833","article-title":"Validation study of WOMAC: A health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee","volume":"15","author":"Bellamy N","year":"1988","unstructured":"22.Bellamy N, , Buchanan WW, , Goldsmith CH, et al. Validation study of WOMAC: A health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. 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