{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:45:06Z","timestamp":1792064706803,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To compare the effects of different remineralizing agents, namely nano-hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA), casein phosphopeptide\u2013amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), carbon dioxide (CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) laser-activated CPP-ACP, and Curodont\n                      <jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup>\n                      Repair, on the resin tag length (RTL), shear bond strength (SBS), and calcium\/phosphate (Ca\/P) ratio of artificially demineralized primary molar enamel.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 130 caries-free primary molars were subjected to standardized chemical demineralization, following occlusal surface flattening with a flat-end diamond bur. The specimens were randomly distributed into five groups according to the type of remineralization technique (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 26): Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (CPP-ACP), Group 3 (CPP-ACP + CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser), Group 4 (0.15% Nano-HA), and Group 5 (Curodont Repair). After pretreatment, eight samples per group were assessed for Ca\/P ratio using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Pit and fissure sealants (PFSs) were applied to all the remaining specimens (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 18). RTL was assessed in eight specimens per group using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas SBS was measured in the remaining 10 specimens using a universal testing machine. Failure mode analysis was conducted using stereomicroscopic evaluation. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance and Tukey\u2019s post hoc test (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group 4 (0.15% Nano-HA) achieved the highest mean Ca\/P ratio (2.27 \u00b1 0.18), significantly superior to all other groups. The longest RTL (54.22 \u00b1 2.45 \u03bcm) and highest SBS (10.12 \u00b1 0.21 MPa) were recorded in the Nano-HA group. Conversely, Curodont Repair produced the shortest RTL (23.21 \u00b1 1.43 \u03bcm) and weakest SBS (7.89 \u00b1 0.14 MPa) among all tested groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nano-HA demonstrated the most favorable influence on RTL, SBS, and Ca\/P ratio before PFS placement on demineralized primary molar enamel, followed by CPP-ACP with or without CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser adjunction. Curodont Repair improved the Ca\/P ratio but failed to enhance sealant bonding.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/25785478261486500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:29:27Z","timestamp":1790141367000},"page":"642-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Efficacy of CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Laser-Activated CPP-ACP, Nano-Hydroxyapatite, and Self-Assembling Peptide P11-4 on Enamel Remineralization and Pit and Fissure Sealant Adhesion in Demineralized Primary Dentition"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Abeer","family":"Ali Alshami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 8442, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9290-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiba Faisal","family":"Kattan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 8442, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00237-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_64_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22514\/jocpd.2024.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396317666211202090657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03499-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2025.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_123_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.52165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2013.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/fid.v17i34.5198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.22.4.053-060.oar"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3304553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app132312717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jios.jios_13_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.741699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s478930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03654-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05822-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0785-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2024.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod24.246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2025.113316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.08.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2025.0024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.21077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2280800020966936"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13121903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/22808000221087349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.117970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3290\/j.jad.a19741"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/858459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/DMJ.2017-006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.129184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-4010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.51309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2016\/21058.9007"}],"container-title":["Photobiomodulation, 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