{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T05:23:34Z","timestamp":1778563414951,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Trinity College External Studentship, University of Cambridge"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005370","name":"Gates Cambridge Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Balsillie School of International Affairs Research Grant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Incarceration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article examines prisoner releases in postcolonial Uganda, focusing on the period between independence in 1962 and the inauguration of Yoweri Museveni in 1986. During these decades, Uganda's government enacted over 30 large scale releases of prisoners and detainees, affecting approximately 20,000 individuals. These acts of clemency were highly politicized and frequently occurred during times of political transition or tension. While framed by Uganda's leaders and the official media as gestures of goodwill and symbols of progress, these releases ultimately reinforced executive power and the centrality of incarceration in state repression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/26326663211059777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T04:00:05Z","timestamp":1641441605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prisoner releases in postcolonial Uganda: Power, politics, and the public"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Bruce-Lockhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3649985"},{"key":"bibr2-26326663211059777","unstructured":"American Public Health Association (October 24, 2020) Advancing Public Health Interventions to Address the Harms of the Carceral System. Available at: https:\/\/www.apha.org\/policies-and-advocacy\/public-health-policy-statements\/policy-database\/2021\/01\/14\/advancing-public-health-interventions-to-address-the-harms-of-the-carceral-system"},{"key":"bibr3-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Amnesty International (1968) Monthly newsletter from amnesty international: postcards for prisoners campaign \u2013 November 1968. Available at: https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/pol10\/001\/1970\/en\/"},{"key":"bibr4-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7135\/UPO9781843313878","volume-title":"The Indian Uprising of 1857-8: Prisons, Prisoners and Rebellion","author":"Anderson C","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr5-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Associated Press\n                      (1971) Uganda Release Prisoners. January 28. Available at: http:\/\/www.aparchive.com\/metadata\/youtube\/536310ffa9c2687b7c35e4b510938bd8"},{"key":"bibr6-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021853720000018"},{"key":"bibr7-26326663211059777","volume-title":"A History of Prison and Confinement in Africa","author":"Bernault F","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr8-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/hia.2018.7"},{"key":"bibr9-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Bruce-Lockhart K (2020) \u201cHow politics have played a big role in the release of prisoners.\u201d\n                      The Conversation\n                      15 June, Available at: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-politics-have-played-a-big-role-in-the-release-of-prisoners-139371"},{"key":"bibr10-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (1995) Parliament of the Republic of Uganda. Available at: https:\/\/www.parliament.go.ug\/documents\/1240\/constitution"},{"key":"bibr81-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09612025.2013.780845"},{"key":"bibr11-26326663211059777","volume-title":"In Amin's Shadow: Women, Gender, and Militarism in Uganda","author":"Decker AC","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr12-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501721267"},{"key":"bibr13-26326663211059777","unstructured":"DLA Piper\n                      (2020) A global analysis of prisoner releases in response to COVID-19. 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Available at: https:\/\/teacircleoxford.com\/2019\/06\/17\/rioting-for-rule-of-law-prison-amnesties-and-riots-in-myanmar\/ (accessed 10 August 2021)."},{"key":"bibr82-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/ahr.116.4.1040"},{"key":"bibr19-26326663211059777","volume-title":"Albion\u2019s Fatal Tree: Crime and Society in Eighteenth-Century England","author":"Hay D","year":"1975"},{"key":"bibr20-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17531055.2012.755308"},{"key":"bibr83-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0021909616689799"},{"key":"bibr21-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17531055.2010.517422"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr22-26326663211059777","first-page":"81","volume":"45","author":"Hynd S","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of African Historical Studies"},{"key":"bibr23-26326663211059777","volume-title":"Uganda and Human Rights: Reports of the International Commission of Jurists to the United Nations","author":"International Commission of Jurists","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr24-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Jonas S (2021) \u201c\u2018They\u2019re petri dishes for COVID-19\u2032: Advocates call for decarceration, vaccination of inmates,\u201d CBC, 20 March. Available at: https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/toronto\/advocate-call-for-decarceration-more-vaccines-1.5957949"},{"key":"bibr25-26326663211059777","volume-title":"The Social Origins of Violence in Uganda","author":"Kasozi ABK","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr26-26326663211059777","first-page":"141","volume":"9","author":"King PT","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Indigenous Social Development"},{"key":"bibr27-26326663211059777","volume-title":"State of Blood: The Inside Story of Idi Amin","author":"Kyemba H","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr28-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2935413"},{"key":"bibr29-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592811"},{"key":"bibr30-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Los Angeles Times\n                      (1985) \u201cUganda rulers free political prisoners.\u201d 11 August, A15."},{"key":"bibr31-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Lubwama E, Jengo M (1979) \u201cDr Kayiira warns policemen against corruption.\u201d 29 April, 1."},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr32-26326663211059777","first-page":"E571","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"bibr33-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Marland H, Anderson C, Murphy M (2020) Coronavirus: a history of pandemics in prison.\n                      The Conversation.\n                      Available at: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/coronavirus-a-history-of-pandemics-in-prison-136776"},{"key":"bibr34-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Martin TM (2013) Embracing Human Rights: Governance and Transition in Ugandan Prisons. 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GEAU IG2 (058) I."},{"key":"bibr51-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Tremlett FTG (1926) Annual Report on the Uganda Prisons for the Year 1925. 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Africana Collection, Makerere University, ref. GEAU I64 (058) I"},{"key":"bibr67-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Prisons Service Annual Report on the Treatment of Offenders for the Year 1964. Africana Collection, Makerere University Library, ref. GEAU I64 (058) I."},{"key":"bibr68-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Prisons Service Annual Report on the Treatment of Offenders for the Year 1965. Africana Collection, Makerere University Library, ref. GEAU I64 (058) I."},{"key":"bibr69-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Prisons Service Annual Report on the Treatment of Offenders for the Year 1966. Africana Collection, Makerere University Library, ref. GEAU I64 (058) I."},{"key":"bibr70-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Prisons Service Annual Report on the Treatment of Offenders for the Year 1967, Africana Collection, Makerere University Library, ref. GEAU I64 (058) I."},{"key":"bibr71-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Prisons Service Annual Report on the Treatment of Offenders for the Year 1968. Africana Collection, Makerere University Library, ref. GEAU I64 (058) I."},{"key":"bibr72-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Prisons Service Annual Report on the Treatment of Offenders for the Year 1969, Africana Collection, Makerere University Library, ref. GEAU I62 (058) I."},{"key":"bibr85-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Prisons Service Annual Report on the Treatment of Offenders for the Year 1974, Africana Collection, Makerere University Library, ref. GEAU I62 (058) I"},{"key":"bibr73-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Protectorate. Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Disturbances in the Kabaka\u2019s Government Prison at Mengo on 17 October, 1955, together with An agreed statement of the action being taken on the Report. Entebbe: Government Printer, 1956, in University Library, University of Cambridge."},{"key":"bibr74-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Times (1979) \u201cIt\u2019s too early to free \u2018Amin\u2019s men.\u2019\u201d 16 November, 5."},{"key":"bibr75-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Times (1982a) \u201cPrisoners are pardoned: President reaffirms Policy of Reconciliation.\u201d 1 January, 1."},{"key":"bibr76-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Times (1982b) \u201cReconciliation and Not apology.\u201d\n                      Uganda Times\n                      , 19 January, 4."},{"key":"bibr77-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Uganda Times (1982c) \u201cRelease of prisoners,\u201d 31 August, 4."},{"key":"bibr78-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74561-9"},{"key":"bibr79-26326663211059777","volume-title":"Hitler\u2019s Prisons: Legal Terror in Nazi Germany","author":"Wachsmann N","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr86-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr87-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr88-26326663211059777","unstructured":"Interview with Isaac, 3 June 2019."},{"key":"bibr89-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr90-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr91-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr92-26326663211059777","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"}],"container-title":["Incarceration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/26326663211059777","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/26326663211059777","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/26326663211059777","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:16:06Z","timestamp":1777454166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/26326663211059777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/26326663211059777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/26326663211059777","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-6663","2632-6663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-6663","type":"print"},{"value":"2632-6663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"article-number":"26326663211059777"}}