{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:05:14Z","timestamp":1793653514098,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Killam Trust"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["435-2017-1051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["435-2017-1051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Incarceration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Researchers often use institutionalization to explain the psychological impact of imprisonment on incarcerated people, but little is known about how institutionalization processes may impact other actors in prison, such as correctional officers (COs). New research consistently describes prison work as a damaging experience, something that significantly impacts short and long-term health outcomes of COs. A broad reading of the institutionalization literature demonstrates remarkable similarities to CO mental health research, raising questions about whether institutionalization frameworks can help us understand prison work. We draw on 131 interviews with Canadian COs to examine this possibility, and find that COs draw broad institutionalization narratives framing prison work as a distinctly harmful experience with lasting impacts on their personalities, identities, and relationships. We conclude by discussing the implications of using institutionalization as a means of understanding correctional work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/26326663241255062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T01:40:20Z","timestamp":1715823620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Canadian correctional officers, institutionalization, and the social impacts of prison work"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3912-6988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leanne","family":"Stevens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6125-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William J","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hojo.12497"},{"key":"bibr2-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1462474517697295"},{"key":"bibr3-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00328855231200637"},{"key":"bibr4-26326663241255062","volume-title":"Prison Officers: International Perspectives on Prison Work","author":"Arnold H","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr5-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2390783"},{"key":"bibr6-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004912418101000205"},{"key":"bibr7-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppi.90"},{"key":"bibr8-26326663241255062","volume-title":"An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology","author":"Bourdieu P","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr9-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003349747"},{"key":"bibr10-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12327"},{"key":"bibr11-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717723825"},{"key":"bibr12-26326663241255062","volume-title":"Constructing Grounded Theory","author":"Charmaz K","year":"2014","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr13-26326663241255062","first-page":"37","volume":"8","author":"Chenault S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology"},{"key":"bibr14-26326663241255062","volume-title":"The Prison Community","author":"Clemmer D","year":"1940"},{"key":"bibr15-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891241602238939"},{"key":"bibr16-26326663241255062","volume-title":"Doing Prison Work: The Public and Private Lives of Prison Officers","author":"Crawley E","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr17-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370811413805"},{"key":"bibr18-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1462474511422172"},{"key":"bibr19-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14624745211047534"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr20-26326663241255062","first-page":"1277","volume":"37","author":"Frost NA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Justice Quarterly"},{"key":"bibr21-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azab074"},{"key":"bibr22-26326663241255062","unstructured":"Government of Canada (2019)\n                      Correctional Planning and Criminal Profile\n                      . Report, Correctional Service Canada, April 15. https:\/\/www.csc-scc.gc.ca\/acts-and-regulations\/705-6-cd-en.shtml#2.9."},{"key":"bibr23-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12263"},{"key":"bibr24-26326663241255062","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Prisoners Once Removed: The Impact of Incarceration and Reentry on Children, Families and Communities","author":"Haney C","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr25-26326663241255062","first-page":"1","author":"Haney C","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Prison Journal"},{"key":"bibr26-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12306"},{"key":"bibr27-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azac099"},{"key":"bibr28-26326663241255062","volume-title":"Men and Their Work","author":"Hughes E","year":"1958"},{"key":"bibr29-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139649681.006"},{"key":"bibr30-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00938548211037718"},{"key":"bibr31-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891241617737814"},{"key":"bibr32-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0264550520954898"},{"key":"bibr33-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azac026"},{"key":"bibr34-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9781479876778.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr35-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43076-021-00127-6"},{"key":"bibr36-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/9781487513115"},{"key":"bibr37-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00938548211050112"},{"key":"bibr38-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13624806221095617"},{"key":"bibr39-26326663241255062","first-page":"572","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Ethnographies of Crime and Criminal Justice","author":"Schultz WJ","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr40-26326663241255062","first-page":"654","volume":"61","author":"Schultz WJ","journal-title":"Criminology; An Interdisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"bibr41-26326663241255062","author":"Schultz WJ","journal-title":"Justice Quarterly"},{"key":"bibr42-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854820969749"},{"key":"bibr43-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14624745211018760"},{"key":"bibr44-26326663241255062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1478601X.2021.1996548"},{"key":"bibr45-26326663241255062","unstructured":"Statistics Canada (2023) Correctional services statistics. 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