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This article addresses a striking gap: the omission of the originating reason for incarceration \u2013 the offence \u2013 from sociological analyses of carceral life. We examine its past treatment in prison scholarship and argue for recentring it. Drawing on three case studies, we show how the offence actively shapes daily experience, institutional engagement, and social dynamics. Our framework explores how attention to the offence can illuminate what prisons\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">are like<\/jats:italic>\n                    , what they\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">do<\/jats:italic>\n                    through moral communication, and what they\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">are for<\/jats:italic>\n                    as sites of punishment. Our analysis suggests that attending to the offence can enrich our understanding of adaptation, compliance, and legitimacy, and more generally add to our understanding of imprisonment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/26326663261442087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T13:07:27Z","timestamp":1775826447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u2018What are you in for?\u2019 The neglected role of the offence in prison sociology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3527-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Jarman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1945-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Ievins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5296-5475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Crewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hojo.12015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2311.2010.00615.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","volume-title":"Hacks, Blacks, and Cons: Race Relations in a Maximum Security Prison","author":"Carroll L","year":"1974","unstructured":"Carroll L (1974) Hacks, Blacks, and Cons: Race Relations in a Maximum Security Prison. 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