{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:19:39Z","timestamp":1777605579110,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal cord injury affects over 300\u2009000 individuals in the United States with limited treatment options for significant locomotor functional recovery. While functional electrical stimulation devices to assist reciprocal muscle contraction during movement are used in rehabilitation, their efficacy as a standalone treatment for direct nerve stimulation remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the effects of direct bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation on functional recovery in an adult rat model of thoracic spinal cord contusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty adult male Long Evans rats underwent T10 spinal cord contusion. Custom stimulator electrode cuffs were placed around bilateral sciatic nerves in the hindlimbs. Rats received electrical stimulation or sham stimulation for 30\u2009minutes per day (Monday-Friday) over 6\u2009weeks. Functional outcome was assessed weekly using the BBB locomotor scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both groups showed normal hindlimb function pre-surgery (BBB score 21) and significant decline post-SCI and prior to stimulation. Rats in the stimulation group demonstrated significantly better BBB scores than the sham group over time (repeated measures 2-way ANOVA,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Daily bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation resulted in accelerated and significant improvement in hindlimb function after SCI compared to sham stimulation, as evaluated by BBB scores. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/26331055251385592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T09:02:39Z","timestamp":1761210159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sciatic Nerve Electrical Stimulation Enhances Locomotor Recovery in Rats Following Spinal Cord Contusion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4353-8045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Yen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1928-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Iordanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Son T.","family":"Ton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Imam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian E.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Oudega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, IL, USA"},{"name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn L.","family":"Kartje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russ P.","family":"Nockels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Intent Medical Group, Endeavor Neurosciences Institute, Arlington Height, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance","author":"Center NSCIS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Center NSCIS. Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance. University of Alabama at Brimingham; 2025."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"380","article-title":"Recent advances in the treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Yari D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yari D, Saberi A, Salmasi Z, et al Recent advances in the treatment of spinal cord injury. 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